GLOSSARY 



Anther. See Flower. 



Bacteria. The smallest, and probably the 

 most primitive, living things. They are 

 without chlorophyll, and most of them 

 must obtain their food as animals do, 

 from animals and plants. There are 

 many kinds, of which a few cause dis- 

 ease. Consumption and cholera are 

 human diseases caused by bacteria. 



Bract. A specialized leaf, in or just below 

 an inflorescence. Bracts are usually 

 simple and smaller than other leaves, 

 or they are not green. 



Calcium. An element widespread in the 

 soil, making up a large part of lime- 

 stone, marble, pearls, gypsum, and 

 chalk. It is an especially valuable fer- 

 tilizer for crops not raised for the seed 

 or fruit, and for legumes. 



Capsule. A dry fruit, which opens when 

 ripe and lets the seed escape. It is 

 composed of two or more carpels. Kx- 

 ainples : tobacco, okra, cotton. 



Carbon. An element found free in two 

 forms, as diamond and as graphite (the 

 "lead" of lead pencils). In combina- 

 tion it is found in every part of every 

 living thing. 



Carbon dioxid. A gas, formed by the 

 union of carbon and oxygen. All liv- 

 ing things form carbon dioxid at all 



times; but green plants destroy it in 

 sunlight. It is given off by animals 

 when they breathe. 



Carpel. See Flower. 



Cell. The unit of structure of living 

 things. Some living things, as bac- 

 teria, are single cells, but most are 

 made up of many cells. The parts of 

 a plant cell are usually: I. The proto- 

 plasm, or living part of the cell. 2. 

 The vacuoles, cavities in the proto- 

 plasm, full of water and substances 

 dissolved in the water. 3. The cell 

 wall, a hard substance, inclosing the 

 protoplasm. Cells of animals have no 

 wall, or else one not made of cellulose. 



Conservation. Saving up; keeping. 



Epidermis. A single layer of cells, cov- 

 ering every part of the plant except the 

 root cap. 



Export. To send for sale or exchange 

 to other countries or places. The ex- 

 ports of a country or place are the 

 things sent out of it. The things 

 brought in are imports. 



Flower. A flower is the end of a shoot 

 or branch, which has given up the 

 vegetative function and become spe- 

 ciali/ed as a reproductive structure. 

 Its parts are the end of the stem, called 

 the receptacle, and, if the flower is 

 complete f four kinds of leaves : 



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