8 WESTERN GRAZING GROUNDS AND FOREST RANGES 



CHAPTER VI HANDLING SHEEP ON THE RANGE. 

 Lamb feeding Rise in price for lambs Advance in wool 

 prices Increase in cost of production Grazing leased 

 lands Double profit from sheep Time of shearing 

 Weight of fleece Dipping Time of lambing Lambing 

 grounds The herder's work Marking Castrating 

 Docking Night herding Following the "drop band" 

 Lambing in tents A critical period Moving to 

 mountain pastures Weight of lambs Shipping the 

 sheep Size of bands Bedding down at night Sheep 

 in fenced pastures 140-160 



CHAPTER VII GOATS ON THE RANGE. 

 Kids are tender Little herding needed Common goats 



breed best Shearing and dipping 161163 



CHAPTER VIII DETERMINING THE AGE OF STOCK. 

 The mouth test for cattle Horn buttons Rings Age of 



horses Age of sheep 164-172 



CHAPTER IX RANGE STOCK MANAGEMENT. 

 Objections to repeated use of bed grounds Salting stock 

 Salt and sulphur Kind of salt to use Effect of exces- 

 sive salt The salt lakes Making a salt lick Salt- 

 hungry cattle raid camps Source of friction Experi- 

 ments with salt Bulls on range Number of bulls to 

 cows Age of usefulness Dehorning cattle Dehorning 

 the calves Value of dehorned cattle Marking cattle 

 Ear and lip tattoo Earmarking Castrating Usual 

 methods Keeping tab on sex Earmarks Brand books 

 Brands Names of brands Changing brands Pick- 

 ing over brands 173-198 



CHAPTER X COST OF RUNNING STOCK ON RANGES. 

 Cost of grazing cattle Cost with sheep Basis of estimates 

 Investment necessary Other cost factors Cost of 

 raising sheep Factors equalizing costs Tables of 

 Tariff Board 199-207 



CHAPTER XI STOCK ON RANGES IN NATIONAL FORESTS. 

 Timber the first consideration Liberal policy followed 

 Improving the ranges Elimination of tramp stockmen 

 Tramp sheepmen in California Changing from cattle 

 to sheep Cattle vs. sheep The permit system New 

 settlers The cash value of permits Permits non-sal- 

 able and non-transferable Permits for more than one 

 year Drifting of stock onto forests Fencing privi- 

 leges Fees moderate Possibility of competitive bids 

 Result of competitive bids Exchanging lands Stock 

 losses less Policy of Government growing in favor. .. 208-225 



