562 



INDEX 



SEC 



Secretary-eagle (Serpentarius cristatus), 



396 

 Semnopitheci, the, 524 

 Senegal, ostriches of, 398 

 Seringueros, or caoutchouc-gatherers, 217 

 Serpentarius cristatus, 396 

 Serpents. See Snakes 

 Shark, the white, his ferocity, 307 

 Sheep, flocks of, in the Puna mountain 



valleys, 34 

 Shells, rare and beautiful, 308 

 Sherbet, preparation of, 1 44 

 Ship of the desert, 417 

 Shoes made of India-rubber, 218 

 Shorea robusta of India, 111 

 Siamang of Sumatra, the, 512-524 

 Sikkiin mountains, slopes of the, 89 



sylvan wonders of the, 89 



changes of the forests on ascending, 



90 



— — the torrid zone of vegetation, 90 

 the temperate zone, 90 



— — the coniferous belt, 90 



— — limits of arboreal vegetation, 9 1 

 animal life, 92 



— — the Praong bamboo of, 115 



— — firing the jungle in, 115 

 Silk-worm (Bombyx mori), its importance 



to man, 259 



— antiquity of silk in China, 259 

 Silk-spiders, 298 



Simiffi of the Old World, 514 

 Simoom, the, of the Sahara, 72 

 Singalese, their mode of avoiding snake- 

 bites, 311 

 Singapore, sago trade of, 136 

 Siphonia elastica, 216 

 Sirocco, origin of the, of Italy, 73 

 Skink of the Sahara, 76 

 Slavery amongst ants, 279 

 Sloth, the, 83 



— his mi^serable appearance, 492 



— adaptation of his organisation to his 



peculiar mode of life, 493 



— his means of defence, 495 



— his tenacity of life, 496 



— genera of the sloth, 496 



Small-pox, panthers or leopards attracted 



by the smell of the, 482 

 Snake-tree, the, 125 

 Snakes of the Sahara, 75 

 *^ of the tropical forests, 83, 310 



— comparative rareness of venomous, 311 

 ■ — habits of venomous, and their ex- 

 ternal charatteristics, 312 



— bite of the trigonocephalus, 313 



— antidotes, 313 



— fangs of venomous serpents, 314 



— the enormous bush-master, 315 



— the rattlesnake, 316 



— the cobra di capello, 317 

 •— the asp and viper, 319 



— boas and jiythons, 319 



SPO 



Snakes, enemies of, 319 



— sometimes feed on one another, 323 



— their means of locomotion, 323 



— anatomy of their jaws, 324 



— feeding-time at the Zoological Gardens, 



325 



— useful to man, 326 



— adaptability of their colour to their 



pursuits, 327 



— water, 327 



Society Islands, cocoa-nut oil trade of the, 



130 

 Solaneas of tropical forests, 81 

 Soniieratias, the, of the rivers of India, the 



Moluccas, and New Guinea, 98 

 Soudan, cotton of the, 213 

 — ■ destructive fly of, 254 

 Southey, Robert, his description of the 



locust, 256 

 South Sea Islands, screw pine of the, 118 

 Sparrow-hawk of Africa (Meliercamusicus), 



395 

 Sparrow, Java, or rice-bird (Loxia oryzivora), 



155 

 Sperm whales, 303 



attacked by sword fish, 306 



Sphargis coriucea, 348 

 Spices of the tropics, 222 



— cinnamon, 222 



— nutmegs and cloves, 227-230 



— mace, 230 



— pepper, 231 



— importations of spices into Great Britain 



during part of 1861, 232, note 



— pimento, 232 



— ginger, 233 



Spiders, tropical, formation of, 291 



— spotted spider of Makololo, 292 



— giant webs of several tropical species, 



292 

 • — harmony of colour between the Aranoaj 

 and their usual haunts, 293 



— beautiful colouring of the epeiras, 



294 



— the mygales, or trap door, 294 



— maternal instincts of, 295 



— enemies of, 295 



— venom of the, 296 



— services rendered by spiders to man, 297 



— eaten by several savage nations, 297 



— encounter between a spider and a cock- 



roach, 298 



— silk-spiders of America, 298 



— threads of this spider used for micro- 



meters, 299 

 Spider monkeys, 536 

 Spines and thorns of tropical plants, 



126 

 Spinning-frame, invention of the, 208 

 Spinning-jenny, invention of the, 208 

 Spitzbergen, warmed by the Gulf Stream, 5 

 Spondylus, the royal, 308 

 Spoonbill of America (I'hitalca ajaja), 372 



