THE BOT- OR WARBLE-FLY 41 



' stalled ox,' and cattle confined within cow- 

 sheds show symptoms of extraordinary unrest 

 when the fly is abroad amongst their kin in 

 the pastures. The resulting evils are, of 

 course, far graver in the unlimited prairies of 

 the West— the great cattle-breeding districts 

 of the United States and Canada — than in 

 our carefully hedged or fenced meadows. A 

 great many 'dips,' ointments, and chemical 

 solutions have been recommended for the pre- 

 vention of the grubs in cattle, but none have 

 proved entirely satisfactory. The tedious 

 method of removing the grub from the tumour 

 is the only safe one. This can be done by 

 the mere pressure of the fingers when the grub 

 is nearly mature and ready to leave its host, 

 or by the use of small forceps should the grub 

 be young and recalcitrant. Once removed the 

 grub should be immediately destroyed, and 

 some such antiseptic as coal-tar applied to the 

 lips of the vacated tumour 



