44. 



MORE MINOR HORRORS 



the top, the other from the bottom, of the 

 mouth, hke elongated and hardened upper 

 and lower lips. These are the median labrum 

 above— a deeply grooved structure whose edges 



Fig. 13. — Side view of the head of a female Anopheles maculi- 

 pennis (magnification about 20), with the various mouth parts 

 separated, but in the relative position in which they lie when 

 enclosed in the groove of the labium. This figure shows the 

 characteristic cephalic scales, a. Antennae ; c.s, cephalic scales ; 

 cl, clypeus ; Ixe, labrum + epipharynx ; mn, mandible ; hp. 

 hypopharynx ; mx, first maxilla ; li, labium ; mp, maxiUary 

 palps. (From Nuttall and Shipley.) 



approximate and almost touch, thus forming a 

 tube along which the blood of the victim is 

 sucked. Lastly, there is the hypopharynx— 

 sometimes termed the tongue — a median 

 structure, a double-edged sword, rising from 

 the bottom of the mouth, and it is this that 

 is the cause of all the trouble. 



A glance at Fig. 13 will show how these 



