Rose Friends and Foes. 101 



olive or purplish, with conspicuous white dots, a yellowish 

 line in the vicinity of the black spiracles, and an orange 

 or purplish-brown head ; that of the latter being pale green, 

 much slenderer, and having a triangular mark below the head 

 and on the back five diamond-like markings. These cater- 

 pillars are well over an inch in length. The above-named 

 practically exhaust the larger caterpillars feeding upon the 

 Roses. To keep them in check one or other of the insecti- 

 cides named for Sawfly grubs may be requisitioned, combined 

 with hand-picking, tree-shaking over papers smeared with an 

 adhesive, &c. 



We now come to a still more difficult group those that 

 feed in spun-together and rolled-up leaves, and for which 

 finger and thumb must be used to give them their quietus 

 while in their comparatively safe retreats. Of these Caccecia 

 (Tortrix) podana (pyrastrana), Pandemis (Tortrix) ribeana, 

 Acalla (T.) variegana, Eucosma, ochroleucana, Nepticula 

 centifolielld (makes long galleries in the leaves), and Tortrix 

 Bergmanniana may be named as among the worst. Some 

 may be found both in the open and under glass from April 

 to June. To describe each one individually would hardly 

 be worth the space. Those interested might refer to some 

 work on Lepidoptera, and particularly the section devoted to 

 Tortrices. Perhaps if the trees were sprayed early with 

 Gardo, White's Abol, or with XL All insecticide this would 

 act as a deterrent ; but personally we have not found any 

 such measures of much avail. 



Then there is the Winter Moth (Cheimatobia brumatd), 

 which is such a pest on fruit-trees, and against which grease- 

 banding in October would seem to be the most practical 

 preventive measure. The ' ' grease ' ' would have to be 

 renewed as often as it became ineffectual. The species 

 is a most abundant one and ubiquitous ; the caterpillars 

 will, if not prevented, defoliate a tree in a comparatively 

 short time. 



