44 THE ROYAL FORESTS OF ENGLAND 



various offenders, presented by the foresters, paid i2d. as fines 

 for suffering foals and mares to wander in the ward, whilst the 

 fines for plough-cattle and sheep were from ^d. to id. 



In subsequent particulars as to the Peak, reference will be 

 found as to the establishment of stud farms within a forest 

 area. 



The ministers' accounts of the issues of Pickering castle and 

 forest in 1325-6 show that there was a stud (equiciuni) of two 

 black stallions, called " Morel of Merton " and " Morel of Tut- 

 bury " ; seventeen mares ; six three-year-olds (pullam), four two- 

 year-old colts (staggi} ; three two-year-old fillies (pultre) ; four 

 yearling fillies (pultrelle) ; eight other young horses (pulli de 

 remarencia] ; and ten foals from the mares {pulli de exitii). 



SHEEP. A charter of Canute contains the grant of a right to 

 feed a flock of sheep in a forest. At the Domesday survey there 

 were a large number of sheep in parishes pertaining to the forest 

 of Essex. But the Norman forest laws distinctly forbade sheep 

 pasturing in forests without licence. The reason usually alleged 

 for this restriction, as stated in a seventeenth-century action at 

 law, was in respect of the dislike "which the Redd and fallow 

 Deare doe naturallie take of the sent and smelle of the sheepe ; 

 as also for that the sheepe do undereate the Deare, and hurt 

 and spoyle the coverte, and thereby prejudice and wrong the 

 Deare both in their feeding and layer." This, however, was 

 flatly denied by the other side, who said that " dayly experience 

 proveth the contrary ; and that yt is an usuall thing to see a 

 deere and a sheepe feed together in one quillet of ground, even 

 upon one mole-hill together." 



When the tenants of Broughton, in Amounderness forest, 

 Lancashire, claimed at an eyre of 1334 common pasture in the 

 forest of Fulwood, sheep were excepted because they failed to 

 produce any special grant for the pasturing of such animals. 



In the later forest days, when the breeding of sheep in this 

 country had greatly increased, grants for their admission into 

 forests became much more common. The agistment rolls of 

 Dartmoor forest for 1571-2, which had previously been con- 

 fined to cattle and horses, include a considerable number of 

 sheep, in flocks varying from three hundred to ten. The 

 illegal introduction of sheep into Peak Forest in Elizabethan 

 days, and their consequent wholesale impounding, is described 



