THE MALAY PENINSULA 



195 



reducing the rubber in presses similar to those used in 

 Sumatra for tobacco, and then baling with Javanese 

 mats. By this method something more than a ton 

 weight of rubber can be shipped in the 50 cubic feet 

 allowed by the Shipping Convention, and by this means 

 a considerable saving in the freight charge can be 

 effected. There is little doubt that, if the trial shipments 

 in this form are successful, boxes will be discarded for 

 bales in the near future throughout this country. 



Official returns show that the labour force, not in- 

 cluding contractors to fell and clean up new estates, in 

 1911 was 



In 1912 the Superintendent of Indian Immigration 

 supplied the following data : The total number of deck 

 passengers from India during the previous twelve 

 months was 101,218 adults and 7,253 minors, making 

 108,471 in all ; of these, 78,376 adults and 6,013 minors 

 were sent to plantations, and of the remaining 24,082 

 who had paid their own passages from India no record 

 was kept, but the majority probably went to different 

 estates. The number of coolies returning to India 

 during the same period was 48,103, thus leaving a 

 balance in favour of Malay of 60,268. From these 

 figures the Indian coolies working on estates or on 



*~Males, 74,966 ; females, 24,022. 

 t Males, 13,003 ; females, 4,757. 



