THE RUBBER INDUSTRY 



Rubber (Ceylon) continued: 



of 1,000 acres, 137 ; yield of 

 ditto, 138 ; wages, 138 ; cost 

 of dry rubber f.o.b. Colombo, 

 139 ; cost of production, 

 J 39J Colombo to London 

 charges, 139 ; cost in Lon- 

 don market, 143 ; prelim- 

 inary work on jungle lands, 

 140 ; spacing of trees, 140 ; 

 tapping, 141, 142 ; labour- 

 supply, 141 ; treatment of 

 latex after tapping, 141, 

 145 ; price of plantation 

 rubber compared with Brazil, 

 143 ; curing of latex, 143 ; 

 yield, 145-6 ; old Hevea 

 plantations at Henaratgoda, 

 146 ; the famous " No. 2 " 

 tree, 146, 147, 153, 154, 158; 

 "No. 439," 154, 155; First 

 Plantation, 147, 158; Second 

 Plantation, 147, 158 ; River- 

 side Plantation, 147, 155, 

 158 ; results of tapping on, 

 150-2 ; girth of trees, 147-9 '> 

 effect of room on, 147-8, 

 *53> I 55 158 I earl y branch- 

 ing trees, 1 54 ; proportion of 

 latex to dry rubber, tables, 

 159, 1 60 ; advantage of, 160 ; 

 bark renewal, 160 ; future 

 production of, anticipations, 



163 ; estimated future cost, 

 f.o.b. Colombo, 164 ; Ceard, 



164 ; Castilloa, 164 ; devel- 

 opment of industry during 

 past ten years, 164 ; exports 

 from Colombo in 1913, 164 ; 

 estimated exportation for 

 next six years, 165 



(Java), comparison with Ceylon 

 rubber, 260; extent of es- 

 tates, 261 ; their elevation, 

 261 ; climatic conditions, 

 262-3 ; soil, 263 ; area of 

 plantations, 264 ; error of 

 Government Agricultural De- 

 partment as to, 264-5 5 origin 

 of industry, 265 ; land tenure, 

 266 ; land tax, 266 ; no 



Rubber (Java) continued : 

 *""*" export duty on, 266, 286 ; 

 capitalization, 267 ; cost 

 of establishing plantations, 

 268-9 ; distribution of, 269 ; 

 wages and salaries, 270 ; cost 

 of maintaining estates, 271 ; 

 manuring, 271 ; cost of tap- 

 ping, 272 ; yield of, 272 ; 

 " all in " cost, 272 ; manage- 

 ment, 273 ; language diffi- 

 culties, 273 ; spacing of trees, 

 274 ; factories, 274 ; hu- 

 midity of climate, 274 ; pre- 

 paration of latex, 275 ; 

 ~ . labour-supply, 277-8; wages, 

 279 ; working hours, 279- 

 80 ; discipline, 280 ; labour 

 colonies, 280 ; health condi- 

 tions, 280 ; organization of 

 plantations, 281 ; catch 

 crops, 281 ; effect of inter- 

 planting with Robusta coffee, 

 281-2 ; weeding, 282-3 ' ta P' 

 ping, 283 ; labour conditions, 

 283 ; diseases, 284 ; pests, 

 284 ; possible extension of 

 industry, 284-5 ; yield, 285 ; 

 cost of production f.o.b. 

 Batavian ports, 286 ; analysis 

 of, 286 ; charges from port 

 of shipment, 287-8 ; past 

 exports, 288 ; estimated 



- future production, 289 ; rail- 

 ways and roads, 290 



(Malay Peninsula), origin of 

 industry, 166-7 5 healthy con- 

 ditions of industry, 168 ; 

 diseases and pests, 168 ; cen- 

 tres of producing districts, 

 169 ; acreage of plantations, 

 170-2 ; exports of, tabulated, 

 171 ; area under cultivation 

 in 1912, 172 ; smallholdings, 

 173 ; price of lands, 174 ; 

 fixed charges for land in 

 F.M.S., 175; taxation of, 



, 176 ; export duties on, 176 ; 

 elevation of estates, 176-7 ; 

 characteristic varieties of 

 soil, 177 ; wind, 177, 178 ; 



