INDEX 



317 



Rubber (Malay Peninsula) con- 

 tinued : 



rainfall, 178, 179 ; drought, 

 1 80 ; temperature, 180 ; 

 capitalization of estates, 181, 

 184, 185 ; possible develop- 

 ments of industry, 181 ; 

 classification of estates, 182- 

 3 ; over-capitalization, 182 ; 

 its effects, 183 ; prospects, 

 184 ; cost of establishing and 

 maintaining plantations, 186- 

 190; quality of, 190; ad- 

 ministration of estates, 191 ; 

 factories for curing and pre- 

 paration of, 191 ; creped 

 rubber, 193 ; sheet rubber, 

 193 ; water - supply, 193 ; 

 mechanical dryers, 194 ; 

 packing, 194; labour-supply, 

 196 et seq. ; wages, 207-9 5 

 working hours, 209 ; health 

 conditions, 210; hospitals, 

 210 ; organization of estates, 

 211-12 ; planting trees, 212 ; 

 effect of catch crops on, 

 212-13 ' tapping, 214 ; cups, 

 215 ; yield per acre, 218-19 ; 

 cost of production, 220-3 ; 

 estimated future ditto, 225 ; 

 " all in " cost, 225 ; freight 

 rates, 224 ; yield in tons, 

 1906 - 13, 226 ; estimated 

 output, 1914-19, 226 

 (Sumatra), principal producing 

 districts, 229 ; statistics, 230 ; 

 expansion of industry for last 

 eight years, 231 ; land avail- 

 able for, 231 ; tenure of land, 

 ~+ 232 ; no direct taxation on, 

 233 ; elevation of estates, 

 233 ; soil, 233 ; rainfall, 234 ; 

 temperature, 235 ; origin of 

 industry, 235 ; effect of 

 catch crops on, 236 ; general 

 condition of plantations, 

 237; effect of winds, 237; 

 value of plantations, 238 ; 

 their area, 239 ; capital in- 

 vested, 239 ; over-capitaliza- 

 tion, 240 ; estimated cost of 



Rubber (Sumatra) continued : 



opening plantation, 240-2 ; 

 estimated cost of maintaining, 

 j^. 242 ; cost of, per pound f.o.b. 

 Sumatra, 243, 255 ; " all in" 

 cost, 243 ; advantage to, of 

 proximity of Malaya, 244 ; 

 ditto of Penang and Singa- 

 pore, 245 ; spacing of trees, 

 245 ; management of estates, 

 245 ; factories, 246 ; labour- 

 supply, 248 - 50 ; working 

 hours, 248 ; wages, 249 ; 

 skilled labour, 250 ; health 

 conditions, 250 ; hospitals, 

 250 ; organization of estates, 

 251; buildings, 251-3'; catch 

 crops, 252 ; tapping, 253 ; 

 discipline, 253 ; crime, 253 ; 

 approximate yield, 254 ; cost 

 of production, difficulty of 

 estimating, 255 ; analysis of, 



256 ; costs after shipment, 



257 ; estimated " all in " 

 cost, 257 ; exportation of, 

 since 1906, 258 ; estimated 

 output, 1914-19, 258 



Rubber, Oriental : characteristic 

 features of industry, 26 ; damage 

 to, by creping machinery, 94; 

 foundation of industry in 1876, 

 118, 120; systematic cultivation 

 of trees, 119; area of planted 

 trees, 120; cultivation of soil, 

 1 20- 1 ; age of producing trees, 

 122 ; height and girth of trees, 

 123 ; yield of, per tree, 123 ; 

 cost of transport to port of ship- 

 ment, 125 ; exportation of, in 

 1913, 125, in 1914 (estimate), 

 126 ; average cost per pound of, 

 126-7 > importance of year 1913 

 for, 291 ; past production of, 

 tabulated, 293 ; consumption and 

 production of, 294 ; estimated 

 future production of, tabulated, 

 295 ; labour question, 296 ; dam- 

 age to, by diseases and pests, 

 296 ; premium on fine hard Para, 

 297 ; variability, 297 ; grading, 

 298; resiliency, 299; reduction 



