106 THE HOP. 



Re-setting Wherever, during the grubbing proc- 

 ess, a hill is found to be defective or "missing," re-set- 

 ting is done by planting three new roots or cuttings. 

 These cuttings are about six to seven inches in length, 

 and are planted so that the top of root is about level 

 with the ground, and with the buds of the root pointing 

 upward. 



(5) Covering or Hilling Immediately after prun- 

 ing, as the work progresses, the roots are lightly cov- 

 ered with earth, using an ordinary hoe and making little 

 mounds of earth, which serve to show the hop hills. 



(6) Cross-Plow After hilling, it is usual to cross- 

 plow the hop yard, also away from the hills, leaving it 

 in good shape for 



FIG. 49. ORCHARD CULTIVATOR. 



(7) Cultivation This has to be done at least twice 

 or more, according to the season. The cultivators used 

 hef*e are all iron two-horse No. 3 McLean orchard cul- 

 tivators (Fig. 49), having seven or nine standards, which 

 can be used with either diamond shape or chisel teeth. 

 A cut of the implement is shown herewith. The opera- 

 tion of cultivating also levels the land and returns the 

 earth, which has been plowed away from the roots (see 

 plowing). Now, to understand subsequent operations, 

 it is necessary to describe the 



Trellis The hop roots are planted seven feet 

 apart, and at every sixth row a redwood pole 6x6 and 



