142 THE HOP. 



"The mixture most esteemed here is quassia chips and 

 whaleoil soap. For each acre to be sprayed, soak in cold 

 water the first time 10 pounds of quassia chips in 25 gallons 

 of soft water; the second time you will boil them for two 

 hours. Also boil five pounds of whaleoil soap in 25 gallons of 

 soft water until the soap is thoroughly dissolved ; then strain 

 the same, mixing them alternately into a clean barrel, a 

 bucket at a time, and stirring together. 



"Place your barrel, which should have a force pump 

 attached thereto, upon a good sled, with one man to pump 

 and drive (a steady horse being necessary), and two men to 

 spray, one on each side. Each man sprays two rows of vines, 

 making four rows in all sprayed at one time. Use a fine rose 

 nozzle, being especially careful and particular to spray the 

 underside of the leaves. All the men should be clothed in 

 oil or green coats and hats, to protect them from the spray, 

 for in a wind it is almost impossible to do good work. There 

 should not be less than three sprayings, four is safer, the 

 last one just as the hops are forming, and the liquor that 

 time may be slightly reduced in strength so as not to injure 

 the hop. In the short pole system, one objection is the diffi- 

 culty of getting through without severe scratchings, and the 

 team often is entangled in the vines crossing over the twine 

 above their heads." 



For Oregon, Walcott writes: 



"In the future, we cannot count on a crop of good quality 

 without spraying. There are many methods and formulas, 

 the one most in use being a solution of whaleoil soap and 

 quassia chips. The proportion varies from eight pounds of quas- 

 sia chips and seven pounds soap to six pounds of quassia chips 

 and 12 pounds of soap to the acre. I have met with good success 

 with the last named proportion. The quassia chips should 

 be fresh and finely cut, and the whaleoil soap must be strictly 

 pure and of 80 per cent. test. 



"Many growers have been disappointed in spraying be- 

 cause they used an inferior quality of material. Weigh out 

 20 pounds of chips and put them in a burlap sack, tie the 

 end of the sack, sink it in a barrel of water and soak 24 

 hours. Then turn the water into a tank under which a fire 

 can be built, put in the sack of chips and let them remain 

 until the water commences to boil; then remove the sack of 

 chips, from which all the strength has now been extracted. 

 Now turn into the tank 40 pounds of soap, and boil until the 

 soap is all dissolved ; then add water until there are 50 gallons 

 of the solution. In spraying, use five gallons of this solution 

 to 35 gallons of water. It usually takes about 120 gallons of 

 spray to go over an acre. With a roller sprayer and three 

 men and two horses, eight acres can be sprayed a day, provided 

 water is plentiful and near and the land reasonably level. 



