382 A TREATISE ON HORSE-BREEDING. 



In other cases the flexor muscles of the fore limbs are con- 

 tracted so that these members are strongly bent at the knee. 

 In neither of these cases can the distorted part ba extended 

 and straightened, so that body or limbs must necessarily 

 present double and natural delivery is rendered impossible. 

 The bent neck may sometimes be straightened after the mus- 

 cles have been cut on the side to which it is turned, and the 

 bent limbs after the tendons on the back of the shank-bone 

 have been cut across. Failing to accomplish this, the next 

 resort is to embryotomy. 



TUMORS OF THE FCET US INCLOSED OVUM. 



Tumors or diseased growths may form on any part of the 

 foal, internal or external, and by their size impede or hinder 

 parturition. In some cases what appears as a tumor is an 

 imprisoned and undeveloped ovum which has grafted itself 

 on the foetus. These are usually sacculated and may contain 

 skin, hair, muscle, bone, and other natural tissues. The 

 only course to be pursued in such cases is to excise the tumor, 

 or, if this is not feasible, to perform embryotomy. 



MONSTROSITIES. 



Monstrosity in the foal is an occasional cause of difficult 

 parturition, especially such monsters as show excessive de- 

 velopment of some part of the body, a displacement or dis- 

 tortion of parts, or a redundancy of parts, as in double mon- 

 sters. Monsters may be divided into 



(1) Monsters with absence of parts absence of head, limb, 

 or other organ. 



(2) Monsters with some part abnormally small dwarfed 

 head, limb, trunk, etc. 



(3) Monsters through unnatural division of parts cleft 

 head, trunk, limbs, etc. 



(4) Monsters through absence of natural divisions ab- 

 sence of mouth, nose, eyes, anus, confluent digits, etc. 



(5) Monsters through fusion of parts one central eye, one 

 nasal opening, etc. 



(6) Monsters through abnormal position or form of parts 

 curved spine, face, limb, etc. 



