DISEASES OF THE GENERATIVE ORGANS. 389 



sharp hooks may be inserted in the neck as near the head as 

 can be reached, and ropes attached to these may be dragged 

 on, while the body of the foal is pushed back by the fore 

 limbs or by a repeller. Such repulsion should be made in a 

 direction obliquely upward toward the loins of the mother 

 so as to rotate the foetus in such a way as to bring the head 

 up. As this is accomplished a hold should be secured nearer 

 and nearer to the nose, with hand or hook, until the head 

 can be straightened out on the neck. 



All means failing, it becomes necessary to remove the fore 

 limbs (embryotomy) so as to make more space for bringing 

 up the head. If even then this cannot be accomplished it 

 may be possible to push the body backward and upward with 

 the repeller until the hind limbs are brought to the passage, 

 when they may be noosed and delivery effected with the 

 posterior presentation. 



HEAD TURNED BACK ON THE SHOULDER. 



In this case the fore feet present, and the oiled hand 

 passed along the forearms in search of the missing head 

 finds the side of the neck turned to one side, the head being 

 perhaps entirely out of reach. (Plate XIII, Fig. 1.) To 

 bring forward the head it may be" desirable to lay the mare 

 on the opposite side to that to which the head is turned, 

 and even to give chloroform or ether. Then the feet being 

 noosed, the body of the foetus is pushed by the hand or re- 

 peller forward and to the side opposite to that occupied by 

 the head until the head comes within reach, near the en- 

 trance of the pelvis. If such displacement of the foetus is 

 difficult it may be facilitated by a free use of oil or lard. 

 When the nose can be seized it can be brought into the pas- 

 sage as when the head is turned down. If it cannot be 

 reached the orbit may be availed of to draw the head for- 

 ward until the nose can bs seized or the lower jaw noosed. 

 In very difficult cases a rope may be passed around the neck 

 by the hand, or with the aid of a curved carrier (Plate VII), 

 and traction may be made upon this while the body is being 

 rotated to the other side. In the same way, in bad cases, a 

 hook may be fixed in the orbit or even between the bones of 



