390 A TREATISE ON HORSE-BREEDING. 



the lower jaw to assist in bringing the head up into position. 

 Should all fail, the amputation of the fore limbs may be re- 

 sorted to as advised under the last heading. 



HEAD TURNED UPWARD ON THE BACK. 



This differs from the last mal-presentation only in the di- 

 rection of the head, which has to be sought above rather 

 than at one side, and is to be secured and brought forward 

 in a similar manner. (Plate XIII, Fig. 2.) If a rope can be 

 passed around the neck it will prove most effectual, as it 

 naturally slides nearer to the head as the neck is straight- 

 ened and ends by bringing the head within easy reach. 



HIND FEET ENGAGED IN THE PELVIS. 



In this case fore limbs and head present naturally, but the 

 hind limbs bent forward from the hip and the loins arched 

 allow the hind feet also to enter the passages, and the farther 

 labor advances the more firmly does the body of the foal be- 

 come wedged into the pelvis. (Plate XII, Fig. 2.) The con- 

 dition is to be recognized by introducing the oiled hand 

 along the belly of the foetus, when the hind feet will be felt 

 advancing. An attempt should at once be made to push 

 tnern back, one after the other, over the brim of the pelvis. 

 Failing in this, the mare may be turned on her back, head, 

 down hill, and the attempt renewed. If it is possible to in- 

 troduce a straight rope carrier, a noose passed through this 

 may be put on the fetlock and the repulsion thereby made 

 more effective. In case of continued failure the anterior 

 presenting part of the body may be skinned and cut off as far 

 back toward the pelvis as possible (see "Embryotomy"); then 

 nooses are placed on the hind fetlocks and traction is made 

 upon these while the quarters are pushed back into the 

 womb. Then the remaining portion is brought away by the 

 posterior presentation. 



ANTERIOR PRESENTATION WITH BACK TURNED TO ONE 

 SIDE. 



The greatest diameter of the axis of the foal, like that of 

 the pelvic passages, is from above downward, and when the 

 foetus enters the pelvis with this greatest diameter engaged 



