892 A TREATISE ON HORSE-BREEDING. 



turning the mare on her back, but too often the operator 

 fails and the foal must be sacrificed. Two courses are still 

 open: first, to cut through the cords behind and above the 

 hock and extend the upper part of the limb, leaving the 

 hock bent, and extract in this way, and, second, to amputate 

 the hind limbs at the hip joint and remove them separately, 

 after which the body may be extracted. 



HIND PRESENTATION WITH LEGS BENT FORWARD FROM 

 THE HIP. 



This is merely an aggravated form of the presentation 

 last described. (Plate XII, Pig. 1). If the mare is roomy a 

 rope may be passed around each thigh and the body pushed 

 upward and forward, so as to bring the hocks and heels up- 

 ward. If this can be accomplished, nooses are placed on the 

 limb farther and farther down until the fetlock is reached 

 and brought into position. If failure is met with, then am- 

 putation at the hips is the' dernier ressort. 



HIND PRESENTATIONS WITH THE BACK TURNED SIDEWAYS 

 OR DOWNWARD. 



These are the counterparts of similar anterior presenta- 

 tions and are to be managed in the same way. 



PRESENTATION OF THE BACK. 



This- is rare, yet not unknown, the foal being bent upon 

 itself with the back, recognizable by its sharp row of spines, 

 presented at the entrance of the pelvis, and the head and 

 all four feet turned back into the womb. (Plate XI, Fig. 1.) 

 The body of the foetus may be extended across the opening 

 transversely so that the head corresponds to one side (right 

 or left), or it may be vertical with the head above or below. 



In any such position the object should be to push the 

 body of the foetus forward and upward or to one side, as may 

 best promise to bring up the fore or hind extremities, and 

 bring the latter into the passage so as to constitute a normal 

 anterior or posterior presentation. This turning of the foetus 

 may be favored by a given position of the mother, by the 

 free use of oil or lard on the surface of the foetus, and by the 

 use of a propeller. 



