DISEASES OF THE GENERATIVE ORGANS. 395 



across the cartilage of the joint. The bulging of the ends of 

 the bones will serve to indicate the seat of the joint. The 

 head and detached portion of the neck may now be removed 

 by steady pulling. If there is still an obstacle the knife may 

 be again used to sever any obstinate connections. In the 

 case of a double-headed monster the whole of the second 

 neck must be removed with the head. When the head has 

 been detached a rope should be passed through the eye- 

 holes, or through an artificial opening in the skin, and tied 

 firmly around the skin, to be employed as a means of traction 

 when the missing limbs or the second head have been 

 brought up into position. 



Amputation of the hind limb. This may b3 required when 

 there are extra hind limbs, or when the hind limbs are bent 

 forward at hock or hip joint. In the former condition the 

 procedure resembles that for removal of a fore limb, but re- 

 quires more anatomical knowledge. Having noosed the 

 pastern, a circular incision is made through the skin around 

 the fetlock and a longitudinal one from that up to the groin, 

 and the skip is dissected from the limb as high up as can be 

 reached, over the croup if possible. Then cut through the 

 muscles around the hip joint and, if possible, the two inter- 

 articular ligaments of the joint (pubio-femoral and round), 

 and extract the limb by strong dragging. 



In case the limb is bent forward at the hock a rope is 

 passed around that and pulled so as to bring the point of the 

 hock between the lips of the vulva. The hamstring and the 

 lateral ligaments of the hock are now cut through and the 

 limbs extended by a rope tied round the lower end of the 

 long bone above (tibia). In case it is still needful to remove 

 the upper part of the limb the further procedure is the same 

 as described in the last paragraph. 



In case the limb is turned forward from the hip and the 

 foetus so wedged into the passage that turning is impossible 

 the case is very difficult. I have repeatedly succeeded by 

 cutting in on the hip joint and disarticulating it, then dis- 

 secting the muscles back from the upper end of the thigh- 

 bone. A noose was placed around the neck of the bone and 

 pulled on forcibly, while any unduly resisting structures were 

 cut with the knife. 



