FOREST, AND ITS FAUNA 39 
There are in addition a few bats and a few insectivores, 
but the predominant forms belong to the orders named. 
We shall begin with the ungulates, as including the 
largest and most obvious of the inhabitants of the 
forest. 
With the exception of the wild boar (Sus scrofa), 
Fria. 3. The Wapiti of the American forests, often miscalled Rocky 
Mountain ‘elk’. (Photo by the Biological Survey, U.S.A.) 
which just penetrates the Asiatic taiga from the south, 
and excluding from consideration such forms as sheep 
and goats, really mountain animals, we may say that 
the ungulates ot the taiga consist of deer. Deer are 
typically forest-haunting animals, though some of them 
feed on the outskirts of the forests, and a few species 
inhabit open plains, especially in South America, where 
large hoofed mammals are few. Except in South 
America, the place of deer on grassy plains is taken by 
