FOREST, AND ITS FAUNA 45 
woods or in the open, wherever food can be easily 
obtained. The fox with its burrowing habits is more 
of a forest animal, but only because in the woods it 
finds the necessary shelter and abundant food. It has 
no special adaptations to life there. 
In addition to wolf and fox Siberia has another 
member of the genus Canis, in the form of the Siberian 
wild dog (C. alpinus), which apparently haunts the 
high Alpine forests, as well as open country. 
The brown bear (Ursus arctos) occurs in the Siberian 
taiga, as in the woods of the temperate region of the 
Eurasian continent generally. It can climb, though it 
is not so agile as some of its relatives, and, like all the 
bears, it takes a large amount of vegetable food. It is 
stated to be particularly fond of the edible seeds of the 
Cembra pine, and climbs the pines in search of them, as 
well as seeking to rob the peasants’ stores. Like its 
relatives also it is very.fond of honey. In the taiga of 
North America it is replaced by the black bear (Ursus 
americanus), of similar habits. The grizzly (U. horri- 
bilis) is only found in the western forest. Both the 
black and brown bears eat fish and other aquatic 
animals in addition to warm-blooded forms, nor do they 
disdain insects. 
In the Siberian forests two kinds of martens occur, 
the pine-marten (Mustela martes) and the more valuable 
sable (M. zibellina), with a more northerly range and 
a more valuable coat. Both are thoroughly arboreal, 
though both descend to the ground upon occasion. 
Closely related is the American marten (/. americana), 
which is of similar habits, while the fisher marten 
(M. pennanti), in spite of its name, is also largely 
arboreal. It occurs throughout the greater part of 
North America, haunting mountain regions in the 
