STEPPES OF ASIA AND AMERICA fall 
form, which extends into Greece, and is interesting 
from the way in which it buries itself in the sand by 
means of its snout ; and the poisonous T'rigonocephalus 
halys, dangerous to cattle but not to man, as well as 
vipers and others. 
Amphibians are limited to the regions in the vicinity 
of water, and offer no special features. As regards 
insects we need only note that grasshoppers and locusts 
are very abundant, open grassy plains being the natural 
home of these insects, from which the locusts make 
periodical raids upon cultivated lands. 
REFERENCES. The works of Kobelt and Brehm already mentioned 
give accounts of steppe animals, and reference should also be made to 
any of the natural histories, e. g. the relevant volumes of the Cambridge 
Natural History (London), edited by Shipley and Harmer, or The Royal 
Natural History (1893-6), six vols., edited by Lydekker, where details 
will be found of the different animals mentioned. A series of articles 
in the American Naturalist, especially ‘Cursorial Adaptations in 
Mammals’, by Lull (1904), and ‘ Fossorial Adaptations in Mammals’, 
by Shimer (1903), will be found interesting in this connexion. Of 
the various books published as the result of travels and giving accounts 
of the life of the steppes, mention may especially be made of Prejevalski, 
Wissenschaftliche Resultate der nach Centralasien unternommenen Reisen 
(Leipzig, 1889). See also the books mentioned at the end of chapter iv. 
