80 MOUNTAIN FAUNAS 
northern forests extends in a special variety, or species 
(Lynx isabellina), into the plateau of Tibet, where it 
shows some adaptations to rocky and barren country, 
instead of to forest-covered ground. The Indian wild 
dog (Canis deccanensis) shows a similar extension of 
habitat from the forests of India into the wastes of 
Tibet. It is a social animal, the packs hunting down 
wild sheep, antelopes, &c. In the Himalayas and Tibet 
also, the common fox is replaced by a variety with 
thick fur and a very large brush. 
We come next to the bears, of which several occur in 
mountain regions. Thus the Himalayas and Tibet have 
special varieties of the brown bear, which, like bears in 
general, is very resistant to cold on account of the 
thickness of its coat. Its very indiscriminate appetite 
also makes it possible for it to exist on many different 
kinds of ground. The Atlas Mountains have a closely 
related form, and in the Rocky Mountains the large 
and powerful grizzly bear (Ursus horribilis) occurs at 
considerable elevations, though also descending to the 
plain. In the wooded regions of the Himalayas occurs 
the black bear (Ursus torquatus), chiefly a vegetable 
feeder and an excellent climber, which in the Hima- 
layas does not voluntarily quit the forest. It is not 
known in Tibet, and differs from most bears in the 
short and thin coat. The necessary resistance to cold 
is apparently obtained by the great oiliness of the skin, 
especially in autumn, when the animal is very fat— 
a means of providing for the winter time of scarcity. 
The Andes of South America contain another mountain 
bear, in the shape of the spectacled bear (Ursus 
ornatus). Africa south of the Sahara has no bear. 
That forested region of Eastern Tibet which lodges 
the Tibetan macaque and the Tibetan langur has still 
