MOUNTAIN FAUNAS 91 
relatively long period of larval development would not 
be easy to find—hence the adaptation described. In 
mountain streams in China and Japan occurs Siebold’s 
giant salamander (Cryptobranchus maximus), reaching 
a length of over five feet. 
Relatively few species of fish occur in mountain 
streams, doubtless on account of the coldness of the 
water. 
In regard to the lower forms of life we need only note 
that with the great development of flowering plants 
during the short period of summer in most mountain 
regions, we have a great development of insects, 
especially butterflies. There is a marked general 
resemblance between the insects of mountains and of 
polar regions, due doubtless partly to the similar 
physical conditions which prevail in the two regions. 
REFERENCES. Kobelt’s book has a good chapter on mountain animals, 
and Tschudi’s Thierleben der Alpenwelé (ninth edition, Leipzig, 1872) 
should also be consulted. An account of Alpine animals will also be 
found in Anderegg’s Schweizerische Alpwirtschaft (Berne, 1899). There 
are a number of works on travel in Tibet and the neighbouring regions 
which give accounts of various of the characteristic animals. Among 
these may be mentioned: Demidoff’s After Wild Sheep in the Altai 
(London, 1900); Adventure, Sport, and Travel on the Tibetan Steppes, 
by W. N. Fergusson (London, 1911); P. T. Etherton’s Across the Roof 
of the World (London, 1911). 
