APPENDIX 227 
the more primitive lemurs, forms with usually opposable 
thumb and great toe, mostly arboreal in habitat. 
2. Chiroptera, or bats, insect-eating or fruit-eating forms 
with the power of flight, the fore-limbs being greatly modified. 
3. Insectivores, generalized and usually small animals, with 
affinities both with primates and with marsupials, usually 
feeding on insects, and having cusped teeth. Examples: mole, 
shrew, hedgehog. 
4. Carnivora, or flesh-eaters, a large order of often powerful 
animals, with strong teeth, adapted either for life on land 
or in water, having four to five toes. Examples: cat, dog, 
bear, &c. 
5. Ungulata, herbivorous animals, often of large size, with 
a reduced number of toes, and teeth adapted for a vegetarian 
diet. In one sub-order (Perissodactyla) the third or middle 
toe tends to predominate, and may be the only one present, 
e.g. horse ; in the other sub-order (Artiodactyla) the third and 
fourth toes are equally developed, e.g. sheep and cow. The 
elephant and the rock-conies (Hyrax) of Syria show certain 
primitive characters, absent in other ungulates. 
6. Rodentia, the gnawing animals, usually small, and having 
characteristic chisel-edged incisor teeth, by means of which 
they obtain their food. Rabbits, rats and mice are examples. 
7. Cetacea, or whales and dolphins, mammals very perfectly 
adapted for life in water. 
8. Sirenia, or sea-cows, an old-fashioned group, including 
only two living forms, also adapted for life in the water. 
9. Edentata, an old-fashioned heterogeneous order, including 
sloths, ant-eaters, armadillos, &c., all with relatively simple 
brains. 
Sub-class IT, Metatheria or Marsupialia, including mammals 
whose young are born imperfectly developed, and are carried 
by the mother after birth in a pouch, or marsupium; comprising 
two orders: 
1. Polyprotodontia, carnivorous forms, with numerous in- 
cisor teeth, including the opossums and the Tasmanian wolf. 
Pez 
