GENERAL SURVEY OF THE SOURCES 



27 



The third group, here termed elaborating-commercial, has 

 already been discussed in some detail as regards typical countries 

 such as Denmark and Holland. There are, however, various 

 other countries or sections of countries in Western Europe that 

 belong to the same group, the most prominent being Switzerland, 

 Ireland, Coastal Finland, 1 Southern Sweden (Scania), and North- 

 Western France (Normandy and Brittany). Certain parts of 

 Great Britain, Belgium and Germany that specialise in cattle- 

 raising or dairying (generally also with pig-raising in addition), 

 have the same economic structure. These lie to the west in both 

 countries, the clearest cases in Great Britain being the Western 

 Midlands and Somerset and Devon ; in Germany the best example 

 is the region covered by Schleswig-Holstein, Oldenburg, Hanover 

 and Northern Westphalia. 



Each of the countries in this third group draws part of its animal 

 feed material -from countries in the first group described above. 



The fourth, or deficient industrial group, includes all industrial 

 countries and regions which, while often engaged also partly in 

 producing animal foodstuffs, have nothing except minor 

 specialities for export, and can in no case fully supply their own 

 needs in such produce. The outstanding countries in this group 

 are Great Britain and Germany, but the industrial areas of North- 

 Eastern France, Eastern Belgium, Northern Austria and Bohemia, 

 and the Southern New England States of America should also 

 be added, as also the mining region of British South Africa, mentioned 

 above. These draw in normal times upon the exportable surplus 

 of animal foodstuffs and animal feedstuffs from the first three 

 groups. 



The adjustment between these different groups may be shown 

 in a summarised form as follows : 



PRODUCERS 



ARTICLES 



DISTRIBUTION 

 (CONSUMERS) 



Group I. Surplus-pro- 

 ducing (Temperate 



North and South 

 America, 



Temperate Australasia 



Western Siberia, 



Eastern Europe, 



Temperate China) 



(i) Meats, 

 animal fats, 

 dairy pro- 

 duce. 



(ii) Feedstuffs 



(iii) (Cereals) 

 (iv) Oil-seeds. 



(a) Group I. (Own home 

 consumption). 



(b) Group III. Animal 

 feedstuffs, 



Lower grade animal 

 foodstuffs (cereals) 



(c) Group IV, Meats 

 and dairy produce, 

 animal feedstuffs, 

 cereals, oil-seeds. 



1 Included previously with Russia in Eastern Europe, but the oceanic 

 climate of the coastal districts brings them regionally into Western Europe. 



