GENERAL SURVEY OF THE SOURCES 33 



oils, Holland, Denmark, Russia, Italy, Sweden and others ; in meat 

 of one kind or another, Belgium, France, Italy, Cuba, Norway, 

 Sweden, Denmark, Switzerland and even the United States ; in 

 cheese the United States. Only the more important countries 

 have been mentioned. Among the rest, some are more or less 

 self-contained in the matter of animal foodstuffs ; in this class, 

 Portugal, Greece, and the Northern Republics of South America, 

 are perhaps the best instances of countries populated wholly or 

 mainly by white people. In some countries, among which France, 

 Norway and Chile may be mentioned, the value of the total imports 

 of animal foodstuffs is more or less equal to the value of the total 

 exports of the same articles. Since 1913, two countries which 

 were previously among the minor deficiency countries and exported 

 only negligible quantities of animal foodstuffs, have not only 

 reduced their imports to small proportions, but have developed 

 an export trade in meat ; these are South Africa and Brazil. An 

 examination of the above lists of countries having a surplus or a 

 deficiency in the different kinds of animal foodstuffs, shows that 

 some countries appear in both the surplus-producing and the de- 

 ficiency lists. When however, the balance of imports and exports 

 is taken by values, it is found that of these the following countries 

 have a definite net surplus, namely, the United States, Russia 

 (with Siberia), Sweden, Denmark, Holland and Italy. 



When, further, the net imports or exports of animal feedstuffs 

 are considered in conjunction with those of animal foodstuffs, the 

 following results are observed : the surplus position of the United 

 States, Argentina, Uruguay, Canada, and Russia with Siberia 

 becomes intensified, while the deficiency position of Great Britain, 

 Germany and Belgium becomes similarly more marked ; at the 

 same time the surplus position of Denmark, Holland, Sweden and 

 Ireland countries belonging to the elaborating-commercial group, 

 suffers reduction. The table below shows in a summary form 

 form the international trade in animal foodstuffs in respect of the 

 more important countries by groups, with special reference 

 to animal foodstuffs and to feedstuffs. The absolute surplus or 

 deficiency position by values is thus obtained. In converting 

 the values of imports or exports of cereals or feedstuffs into the 

 values of the contained feedstuffs for food-producing animals, the 

 following co-efficients have been used 1 ; for feed-cakes and meals, 

 and milling offals, unity ; for oil seeds and nuts J ; for beans and 

 maize | ; for wheat and rye ; for barley ; for oats T V The 

 figures in the table are mostly the average of those for the years 

 1911-12 given in the British Statistical Abstract and converted 

 to millions of pounds. Some additions have been made where 

 necessary from other sources. 



1 See Part I., Chap, *i . 



