countries, but the first calls for a further world- wide survey here. 

 The table below shows the numbers of cattle, sheep and 

 pigs at the beginning and at the end of the first decade of the 

 present century 1 in each of the four great producing and con- 

 suming regions of the world 2 and also the ratios per 100 of the 

 population. 



RATIOS OF LIVE-STOCK IN FOUR MAIN TEMPERATE DIVISIONS IN 



1901 AND 1911. 



A study of this table shows that the ratio of live-stock to 

 population has been falling in Europe and North America, has 

 been nearly stationary in Temperate South America, and has been 

 rising in Australasia. In spite of some possible increase in the 

 yield of meat from the average units of flocks and herds as 

 enumerated, the general result has probably been that there has 

 been some decline in the per capita consumption of meat throughout 

 these regions averaged together 1 ; on the other hand the per capita 

 consumption of dairy produce and of poultry and eggs appears to 

 have increased slightly. 3 



The tendency throughout large areas of the temperate regions 

 for crop cultivation to encroach upon natural or seeded pasture 

 lands has already been noted. 4 From the point of view of supplies 



1 In some cases, where the figures for separate countries were not obtain- 

 able for the years 1901 and 1911 exactly, the figures for the years nearest 

 to those dates have been taken. 



2 In addition to those detailed in the table there were estimated to be 

 about 100 million oattle, 150 million sheep, and 12 million pigs in other 

 parts of the world exclusive of India. For complete totals see p. 36. 



3 For some detailed discussion of the rates of consumption, see Part II., 

 Chap. ii. 



4 See also Part I., Chap. xi. 



