136 



PRODUCTION 



in general terms, Austria (including Bohemia) is an industrial 

 and deficiency region, while Hungary, with Galicia, which are 

 predominantly agricultural, form a surplus-producing area. The 

 latter was considered incidentally in the section dealing with 

 Eastern Europe, but a fuller discussion of the leading facts is now 

 proposed in connection with Austria. 



Statistics show that the ratios of food-producing animals to 

 population, expressed as " cattle units," have been increasing in 

 Austria, while they have been declining slightly in Hungary, as 

 shown in the following table : 



NUMBERS OF CATTLE, SHEEP AND PIGS AND OF CATTLE UNITS PER 



100 OF THE POPULATION IN AUSTRIA AND IN HUNGARY IN 



SELECTED YEARS. 



A study of this table shows that the ratios of live stock to popu- 

 lation are higher in Hungary than in Austria, which, prior to 1914, 

 imported fluctuating quantities of meat through Adriatic ports 

 and from Servia, 1 and in spite of this, experienced at various times 

 a meat shortage. 2 The ratio of cattle units to the population 

 is distinctly higher in Hungary than in most European countries, 

 and unless the per capita meat consumption is abnormally high, 

 or the yield of meat per unit of animals unusually low, should be 

 sufficient to allow of a surplus of meat for export. 3 A study of 

 the per capita production of animal feedstuffs in the two countries 

 is interesting, when taken in connection with the changes in the 

 per capita ratios of food-producing animals. Thus in Austria, in 

 the period 1890 to 1910, while the ratio of cattle units to population 

 increased, there was a fall in the per capita production of maize, 

 oats and barley, that of hay remaining stationary ; conversely, 

 in Hungary in the period 1884 to 1911, while the ratio ot " cattle 

 units " to population declined slightly, there was an increase in 

 the per capita production of all four of the feedstuffs mentioned 

 above. These facts point to the movement of cereal feedstuffs 



1 The imports of meat and meat products into Austria-Hungary for the 

 period 1895-1912 averaged 31 million Ibs. per annum, but fluctuated from 78 

 million Ibs. in 1898 to 2 million Ibs. in 1909. 



2 See U.S. Daily Commerce Report, Dec. 17th, 1910, p. 1033. 



3 Ii the years 1901-12 there were constant net exports of live animals 

 (other than horses) from Austria-Hungary. 



