168 



PRODUCTION 



The following table shows the estimated total yield of wheat 

 and rye throughout the world in different years (in millions of 

 Winchester bushels) : 



In the seventeen years under review the increase in the total 

 yield of wheat and rye together amounted to about 40%, but it is 

 noteworthy that the greater part of this increase took place after 

 the year 1900. 



Only a small proportion of the wheat and rye produced the 

 world over, is now fed to animals, 1 but the milling offals, which 

 amount to about J of the grain as taken to the mills, are fed almost 

 entiiely to food-animals which get also the spent grain which arises 

 from the use of certain quantities of rye in distilleries. On the 

 whole, however, even when allowance is made for the limited value 

 of the straw as fodder, land under wheat and rye is devoted mainly 

 to the production of human food, and other things being equal, 

 any extension of the area so utilised throughout the world will 

 be a competing force with animal industries. 2 



(b) OTHER CEREALS. 



Of the other cereals grown in the temperate regions, barley is 

 consumed directly as human food in an appreciable proportion, 

 and in addition, of course, great quantities are used in the brewing 

 industry. Barley is used extensively as an article of human food 

 in Japan, Western Asia, Northern Africa and Northern Europe. 

 In Central and Western Europe, as well as in North America, 

 barley is grown more especially for brewing purposes, though the 

 by-product known as brewers' grains, amounting to about 25% by 

 weight of the original barley, 3 forms a valuable feedstuff material 

 for cattle. In the period 1909-13, about 56% of the total supplies 

 of barley available from home and foreign sources in the United 

 Kingdom, was used in breweries, and of the remaining 44%, about 



1 The consumption of waste, inferior and damaged wheat by poultry 

 Is perhaps the most notable example of the regular use of this grain as such 

 as a feedstuft. 



2 See U.S. Dept. Agric. Yearbook, 1909. pp. 259-272 for some estimate 

 concerning the fttture production and consumption of wheat in the world. 



^his is the proportion of dried brewers' grains to barley by weight, cal- 

 culated from the figures given by a Committee of the Royal Society in their 

 Report (Cd. 8421), p. 30. 



