Professor Copes Table 



51 



learn from him that the table (given herewith) is not new ; 

 but was published in the * annual volume of the Brooklyn 

 Ethical Society in 1891 ' : and the view which it embodies 

 is given in the chapter on * Consciousness m Evolution,* 

 in his work, TJie Origin of the Fittest (1887). 



1. Variations appear in definite 

 directions. 



2. Variations are caused by the 

 interaction of the organic being 

 and its environment. 



3. Acquired variations may be 

 inherited. 



4. Variations survive directly 

 as they are adapted to changing 

 environments (natural selection). 



5. Movements of the organism 

 are caused or directed by sensa- 

 tion and other conscious states. 



6. Habitual movements are de- 

 rived from conscious experience. 



7. The rational mind is de- 

 veloped by experience through 

 memory and classification. 



1. Variations are promiscuous 

 or multifarious. 



2. Variations are ' congenital,' 

 or are caused by mingling of male 

 and female germ-plasms. 



3. Acquired variations cannot 

 be inherited. 



4. Variations survive directly 

 as they are adapted to changing 

 environments (natural selection). 



5. Movements of the organism 

 are not caused by sensation or 

 conscious states, but are a sur- 

 vival through natural selection 

 from multifarious movements. 



6. Habitual movements are pro- 

 duced by natural selection. 



7. The rational mind is de- 

 veloped through natural selection 

 from multifarious mental activities. 



Apart from the question of novelty in Professor Cope's 

 positions — and that one should have supposed them so 

 can only show that one had read hastily, not having 

 earlier become acquainted with Professor Cope's views 

 — I wish to point out that the placing of consciousness, 

 as a factor in the evolution process, exclusively in the 

 Lamarckian column, appears quite unjustified. It is not 

 a question of a causal interchange between body and 

 mind. It is not likely that any naturalist would hold to an 

 injection of energy in any form into the natural processes, 



