156 Terminology and Criticisms 



tion that under changed environment those individuals will 

 survive who can best adapt themselves to it." Certainly 

 it is. But I think that the advocates of natural selection 

 have considered as useless or uninfluential in evolution 

 those adjustments of individuals which were not already 

 represented in the congenital equipment of the individual. 

 Certainly the tendency, at least, of the Neo-Darwinians 

 has been to deny the influence of the principle of use and 

 disuse on evolution — to consider it altogether a part of 

 the machinery of Lamarckism.^ The influence of new 

 adjustfnents, however^ in determining the limits of variation 

 in subsequent generations without appealing to the inheri- 

 tance of acqinred characters — that is the combination 

 which we have considered new, although I should not 

 have had the courage to label it so if certain biologists 

 familiar with the history of discussion had not so character- 

 ized it.2 



If Romanes, for example, had thought of this answer 

 to Lamarckism, we cannot conceive that he would still have 

 pressed his argument for the inheritance of acquired 

 characters drawn from the coordinated muscular movements 

 seen in instinct; and in this particular case — the origin 

 of instinct — the doctrine of organic selection appears to 

 give a new theory.^ 



So far, however, from opposing natural selection, appeal 

 is made directly to it. The creature that can adapt itself 



1 Thus they would say : The intelligence is congenital, but the particular 

 things learned by intelligence, not being inherited, have as such no influence 

 on race development, except, of course, as the children also learn to do these 

 things intelligently. 



2 See Professor Osborn's statement beginning * What appears to be new, 

 therefore, in Organic Selection,' cited in Appendix A. 



2 This is now stated in detail in the writer's Story of the Mind, Chap. III.; 

 see also Conn, The Method of Evolution (1900), pp. 269 ff. 



