GOLD COAST REPORT ON FORESTS. 21 



Amongst the smaller-sized trees the following species occur 

 ill these forests : - 



Berlinia u<-n nuiKitn ; Musanga Smithii; Myrinnthiix arborcux : 

 Monoilora myristica', Monodora tenuifolia', the A/ana (not iden- 

 tified botanically) ; the Apnn-u, ;ilso not identified; Voacanga 

 africana; and Rauwolfia vomitoria. 



Scandent palms, such as species of Calamus and 

 phyllum and rul)ber vines such as Landolphia 

 and Carpodinus liirxuta, are the most conspicuous lianes 

 to be seen climbing over the tops of the trees, whilst the 

 feebler and more succulent plants of a similar habit are repre- 

 sented by climbing- avoids of the genera Culrusiu, ('frccxfi.t. 

 and Raphidophora, which, however, confine their attention- 

 to the stems and larger branches of the trees. Various epi- 

 phytic orchids, such as species of Angrascum, Megaclinum, &c., 

 and ferns of the genera Asplenium and Platycerium are also 

 noticeable features of the vegetation. 



Swamp Vegetation^. 



As a rule, the depressions and low valleys in the Graiyin 

 Krom Concession are marshy, and such areas are inhabited 



by species characteristic of fresh-water swamps. Amongst 

 others, the trees are represented by the Bat/a (Mitragyne 

 macrophylla), the wood of which has occasionally been shipped 

 home to Europe as "West African mahogany"; the Kakn 

 (Lnplni-a procera) along the edges of the swamps; Macrolobium 

 Palisoti, with a hard red wood: the Nya-me-dua (Alstonia con- 

 fjenxis), the soft wood of which is used by the Ashanti and 

 cognate tribes for the manufacture of native stools and the latex 

 for adulterating that of the silk rubber tree (Fiintuiiiin cluxfica) ; 

 the screw pine (Pandanus candeldbnrm) ; the bamboo or Toutbo 



palm (Raphia vinif era) ; Calamus Bartcn; SarcocepHalus 1'ns- 

 seggeri; and Anthocleista nobilis. 



Vegetation on clearings. 



The plants that spring up on very recently abandoned clear- 

 ings such as those along the telegraph line and both sides of 

 the railway consist, in addition to seedlings and coppice shoots 

 of the more dominant trees, mainly of shrubby and herbaceous 

 species, some of which, however, attain the dimensions of small 

 trees. The most conspicuous of the latter is the " umbrella 

 tree" (Mu^ant/a SwifJiii) of European residents on the Gold 

 Coast. This species is extremely prolific and rapidly occupies 

 such areas: others are the large 1 crnoinu frondosa, Myrianthus 

 a/' ho reiix and Haronga madagascariensis . 



The shrubby and herbaceous vegelation is represented 

 amongst climbers by species of Combretum, Mussaenda, and 

 Acficiti. />t'ti tnilti, whilsl those with the erect habit belong 1<> 

 the genera A-TnorpliopJiollus, AcalypJia, d'Qtalaria, /In/at*, 



