KEY TO THE BROAD-LEAVED TREES 



Cross-bars very obscure (need careful search in the Autumn wood) 



Walnut 

 Wood deep brown: pore-ring feeble, shown up by light-coloured 



parenchyma: evil smell when worked Teak 



Wood whitish (brown in Hungarian Ash): no smell: pore- ring 



strong Ash 



Rays very large or prominent, hence silver-grain broad . . .15 

 Rays in transverse section not prominent but still visible at arm's 



length : silver-grain narrow but often very marked ... 18 

 Rays visible with attention: silver-grain very inconspicuous yet still 



visible 19 



Rays needing lens in transverse section: silver-grain very obscure 



in the light-coloured woods though prominent enough in 



Mahogany 21 



Rays casual, occurring in groups at one place (transverse section) 



and leaving ray less spaces at others 16 



Rays abundant and evenly distributed 17 



Rays white: wood hard, heavy Hornbeam 



Brown rays, obscure on transverse section unless wetted: wood 



soft, white to brownish Alder 



Rays in transverse section, dull: silver-grain dull also . Plane-trees 

 Rays in transverse section bright: silver-grain bright . . Beech 

 A half-tone effect produced by the rays in tangential section very 



evident Sycamore 



No half-tone effect Tulip-wood 



Pores arranged in oblique lines in transverse section (see Fig. 2) Birch 

 Pores not arranged in oblique lines (though minute arcs may 



occasionally be indicated) (see Fig. 3) 20 



Silver-grain consists of brown flakes occupying about half of the 



surface: watery extract rich red Pear-tree 



Silver-grain pale brown, obscure: watery extract pale yellow . Lime 



Wood deep, rich brownish-red: heavy 22 



Wood pinkish -brown: light to medium in weight .... 23 



Wood black or brown with black stripes Ebony 



Woods white or yellow 24 



Cross grain: rays in tangential section (microscope) distorted 



(as in Fig. 10): much white deposit . . Cuban Mahogany 



22 a. Wood straight-grained: rays symmetrical in tangential section (as 



in Fig. 11): little white deposit if any 



Honduras and Tabasco Mahoganies 

 23 . Wood very light in weight, fine-grained Willow 



23 a. Wood medium heavy and moderately coarse-grained . Populus alba 

 24*. Wood exceedingly fine-grained and very light in weight 



Horse Chestnut 



24 a. Wood medium-grained, moderately heavy Poplars (the white woods) 



24 b. Wood very heavy (generally sinks in water), colour yellow Boxwood 

 25. Woods of a warm brown colour: thy loses few . . English Oaks 



25 a. Wood of a neutral brown colour: vessels packed with thy loses . 



American White Oak 



* Note that there are more than two alternatives here. 



49 



