78 PASTURE AND RANGE. 



utes of the time when the poison was eaten, but more 

 often in two or three hours. 



Treatment is generally very difficult, owing to the 

 rapidity and violence of the attack. In one case a cow 



, was treated by opening the stomach as soon 

 Treatment 



as symptoms were noticed, and removing the 



contents. This, together with a large enema of warm 

 water and a drench of melted lard, produced a cure. 

 Potassium permanganate solution is recommended as a 

 chemical antidote, as is also tannin, but their effective- 

 ness is in dispute. Chloral hydrate and morphin injec- 

 tions are useful for reducing the nervous symptoms and 

 frenzy, the latter being preferable, perhaps, owing to its 

 more rapid action. 



Cicuta rnacnlata L. is the most widely distributed 

 Water Hemlock in Canada, growing in moist locations 



TU ri probably across the continent. It is from two 

 Ine Flams 



to six feet tall and crowned with large com- 

 pound umbels of white flowers, which are later replaced 

 by ellipsoid fruits with large oil tubes. The lower leaves 

 are large, and two or three times pinnate. The upper 

 are smaller. All have long petioles, sheathing the stem 

 completely at their insertion. The leaflets are lanceolate 

 or oblong lanceolate and coarsely serrate. The stems 

 are hollow, with solid partitions at the leaf nodes. The 

 short, bulbous rootstock has many cross-partitions close- 

 ly approximated, as may be seen by slicing it lengthwise 

 through the centre. Around its base are smaller root? 

 not unlike very small sweet potatoes in appearance. 



The Oregon Water Hemlock, Cicuta, vagans G., is 

 found in British Columbia, and the States to the south. 

 It is of this species that Hedrick makes the statement 

 that a piece of root the size of a walnut will kill a cow. 



