Bones of the Spine. 



65 



Processus spinosus 

 Arcus vertebrae 



Facies articularis 



superior 

 Processus articularis 



superior 

 Tuberculum 

 posterius 

 Sulcus nervi spinalis 



Tuberculum anterius 



Foramen transversariunv 



Processus Corpus vertebrae 



transversus | 



Incisura vertebralis superior 



Processus articularis superior 

 I 



Processus 

 spinosus 



Tuberculum 



anterius 



__ Corpus 

 vertebrae 



Sulcus nervi spinalis 

 Tubereulum posterius 



Processus articularis inferior 



8O and 81. Fourth cervical vertebra, 



From above. 



vertebra cervicalis IV. 



From the right. 



Each of the seven vertebrae ceryicales (cervical vertebrae) (see also Fig. 85) has a 

 low body which, as seen from above, is quadrangular with rounded angles. The upper surface 

 is concave in frontal, slightly convex in sagittal direction, the lower exactly the reverse. The 

 foramen vertebrale is very wide and triangular. The processus articulares superiores et 

 inferior es are placed very obliquely; their fades articulares are smooth or slightly arched, the 

 superiores look backward and upward, the inferior es forward and downward. The processus 

 spinosi are usually short and split into two spurs. The form of the processus transversi is 

 especially characteristic for the cervical vertebrae. These arise in front of the processus articulares, 

 are short and directed lateralward. On the upper surface, each presents a deep groove, sulcus 

 nervi spinalis, (for the ramus anterior n. cervicalis) which runs out from the incisura vertebralis 

 superior and separates, at the tip of the transverse process, the tuberculum anterius from the 

 tuberculum posterius. In the region of the groove is situated also the foramen transversarium 

 (in the upper six cervical vertebrae for the a. and v. vertebralis). The part of the processus 

 transversus situated in front of the foramen transversarium with the tuberculum anterius is 

 partially homologous with a rib and is accordingly also called the processus costarius ; it may 

 be so developed on the seventh cervical vertebra that it actually forms a cervical rib (see 

 Fig. 96, No. 4). 



The first cervical vertebra, atlas, the second, epistropheus, and the seventh, vertebra 

 prominens, differ in some respects markedly from the above description. 



Spalteholz, Atlas. 5 



