Joints of the Lower Extremity. 221 



In the formation of the articulationes intertarseae (0, T. articulations of the tarsus) 

 each individual ankle bone can move with its cartilaginous joint surface upon the corresponding 

 surfaces [of the neighboring tarsal bones. The capsulae articulares of the individual joints 

 thus arising (see Fig. 227) are strengthened usually by short fibrous bands, the ligamenta 

 talocalcanea and the ligamenta tarsi. 



Between the talus and the calcaneus are found five ligamenta talocalcanea (0. T. 

 ligaments connecting the os calcis and the astragalus): (1) the ligamentum talocalcaneum 

 posterius (0. T. posterior calcaneoastragaloid ligament) (see also Figs. 263 and 265), goes from 

 the lateral projection of the processus posterior tali to the upper surface of the calcaneus imme- 

 diately behind the fades articularis posterior ;. (2) the lit/amentum talocalcaneum anterius (see 

 Figs. 264 and 267) is a broad band of fibres which is stretched out in the sinus tarsi behind 

 the ligamenta talocalcanea laterale et interosseum, on the anterior side of the articulatio talo- 

 calcanea (see p. 222 Text), between the lower surface of the talus and the upper surface of the 

 calcaneus, immediately in front of the fades articularis posterior; (3) the ligamentum talo- 

 calcaneum mediate (0. T. internal calcaneoastragaloid ligament) (see Figs. 263, 265 and 269) 

 is a narrow bundle which extends from the medial tubercle of the processus posterior tali 

 almost horizontally to the posterior margin of the sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus; (4) the 

 ligamentum talocalcaneum laterale (0. T. external calcaneoastragaloid ligament) (see also 

 Figs. 264 and 267) has a broad origin from the lateral and inferior surface of the collum tali 

 and runs at the entrance into the sinus tarsi obliquely downward, forward and lateralward to 

 the upper surface of the calcaneus; (5) the ligamentum talocalcaneum interosseum (0. T. 

 interosseous ligament) (see Figs. 264 and 267), fills up the sinus tarsi and consists of several 

 broad, usually short, bands of fibres which go from the sulcus tali to the sulcus calcanei; in 

 front it is partially covered over and sometimes only indistinctly separable from the ligamentum 

 talocalcaneum laterale. The sinus tarsi contains also masses of fat and in these, near the 

 ligamentum talocalcaneum, there is often a bursa, the bursa sinus tarsi (not figured). . 



On the back of the foot are the following ligamenta tarsi dorsalia : the ligamenlum 

 talonaviculare [dorsale] (0. T. superior astragalonavicular ligament) (see also Figs. 264 and 

 265) extends as a broad ligament from the upper surface of the collum tali to the upper sur- 

 face of the os naviculare; the ligamenlum bifurcatum (see also Figs. 264, 267 and 271) has 

 a broad origin near the anterior margin of the dorsal surface of the calcaneus in front of the 

 ligamentum talocalcaneum laterale and divides fork-like into the stronger pars calcaneonavicu- 

 laris (0. T. superior or external calcaneonavicular ligament), reaching wide into the depth, 

 which is attached to the posterior lateral angle of the os naviculare, and into the pars cal- 

 caneocuboidea (0. T. internal calcaneocuboid ligament) which goes to the upper surface of 

 the os cuboideum; the ligamentum calcancocuboideum dorsale (0. T. external calcaneocuboid 

 ligament) (see also Figs. 264 and 267) runs lateralward from the preceding from the upper 

 surface of the calcaneus to the upper surface of the os cuboideum; the ligamentum cuboideo- 

 naviculare dorsale (see also Figs. 264 and 267) stretches out between the upper surfaces of 

 the os naviculare and the os cuboideum; the ligamenta navicularicunciformia dorsalia (see 

 also Figs. 264 and 265) are from four to five fibrous bands which extend from the dorsal sur- 

 face of the os naviculare to the upper surfaces of the three cuneiform bones ; the two ligamenta 

 intercuneiformia dorsalia, sometimes still further subdivided, pass transversely from the dorsal 

 surface of one cuneiform bone to that of the adjoining bone ; the ligamenlum cuneocuboideum 

 dorsale (see also Fig. 264) is a ligament (frequently divided) extending from the upper surface 

 of the third cuneiform bone to that of the cuboid bone. 



The articulationes tarsometatarseae [Lisfranci] (0. T. tarsometatarsal articulations) 

 (see also pp. 225 and 227) are strengthened by six (or more) short ligamenta tarsometa- 

 tarsea dorsalia; these extend upon the dorsal surface of the ossa cuneiformia and from the 

 os cuboideum straight or obliquely forward to the bases ossium metatarsalium ; in this way 

 the second metacarpal bone is connected with all three cuneiform bones. 



The articulationes intermetatarseae (0. T. articulations of the metatarsal bones with 

 each other) (see also pp. 225 and 227) possess three ligamenta basium [ossium metatarsalium] 

 dorsalia which are stretched out transversely between the dorsal surfaces of the proximal ends 

 of the second to the fifth os metatarsale. 



