Joints of the Lower Extremity. 227 



Articulationes pedis. 



Articitlationes intertarseae. The joint slits of the articulatio talocalcanea and 

 of the articulalio talocalcaneonavicularis (see p. 222) are completely closed off not only from 

 one another, but also from the neighboring joint slits ; the articulatio talonavicularis is only 

 a part of the articulatio talocalcaneonavicularis (see p. 222). 



In the formation of the articulatio calcaneocuboidea the facies articularis cuboidea of 

 the calcaneus moves upon the proximal joint surface of the os cuboideum; its capsula arti- 

 cularis arises close to the margins of the cartilaginous surfaces; the joint cavity is not 

 connected with adjoining ones. The articulatio calcaneocuboidea and the articulatio talonavicularis 

 are also designated in common by the name articulatio tarsi transversa [Choparti]. 



The articulatio cuneonavicularis is the joint between the distal surface of the os navi- 

 culare and the proximal surfaces of the ossa cuneiformia; the capsula articularis surrounds 

 these joint surfaces but in addition also those by which the ossa cuneiformia articulate with 

 one another and those by which the os cuboideum glides upon the os cuneiforme III and on 

 the os naviculare; the capsule is attached everywhere close to the margin of the cartilaginous 

 surfaces. The joint cavity is connected as a rule, between the first and second cuneiform bones 

 with the cavity of the articulatio tarsometatarsea of the os metatarsale H (and through this 

 also with that of the os metatarsale III); short ligaments extend in the depth between the 

 cuneiform bones and also between the third cuneiform bone and the cuboid bone : two ligamenla 

 inter cuneiformia interossea aud one ligamentum cuneocuboideum interosseum. 



In the formation of the articulatlones tarsometatarseae [LisfranciJ the proxi- 

 mal joint surfaces of the bases ossium metatarsalium are in contact with the distal joint surfaces 

 of the ossa cuneiformia and of the os cuboideum. The places of junction form, in general, a 

 surface convex from the medial toward the lateral side, which suffers interruption at the os 

 cuneiforme II, hi that the os metatarsale II reaches further proximalward than the others. 

 Usually three separate joint capsules are present: The first between the os cuneiforme I and 

 os. metatarsale I, the second between the ossa cuneiformia II et III and the ossa meta- 

 tarsalia II et III, the third between the os cuboideum and ossa metatarsalia IV et V; the 

 joint cavity of the second is usually connected with that of the articulatio cuneonavicularis. 

 From the lateral surface of the os cuneiforme I and from the medial surface of the os cunei- 

 forme III short ligamenta cuncomctatarsea interossea (see also Fig. 270) run in the depth 

 to the adjoining surfaces of the basis ossis metatarsalis II. 



The articulatlones intermetatarseae are formed in that the proximal ends of the 

 second to the fifth os metatarsale are in contact, with the cartilaginous surfaces opposed to 

 one another. The joint slits communicate with those of the corresponding articulatio tarso- 

 metatarsea; the capsulae articular es arise from the bone close to the margin of the carti- 

 laginous surfaces. Four ligamenta basium [ossium metatarsalium] interossea extend, in the 

 depth, between the neighboring surfaces of the bases ossium metatarsalium. 



The articulationes metatarsophalangeae and the articulationes digi- 

 torum pedis (0. T. articulations of the phalanges) present as regards their capsules and 

 ligaments, essentially the same relations as do the corresponding joints in the hand (see 

 pp. 190 and 191). 



15* 



