CHAPTER V 



Criticisms useless, unless remedies suggested In India dung of 

 cattle used as fuel, not as manure Soil impoverished, wheat 

 crops of 400 Ib. per acre Is produce fairly divided between 

 cultivator, landowner, money-lender, revenue ? The culti- 

 vators have no other fuel, there being no wood Gujarat ex- 

 ception Plantations for firewood required Himalayan forests 

 could supply wood, collieries could supply coal British honour 

 involved. 



IT is useless to criticise the British Government of 

 India unless one has a remedy to suggest for the 

 evils of which one complains. Now, the chief evil 

 of which one complains is the excessive poverty of 

 the agricultural population, including the tenant 

 farmers and the labourers who have no land. 



This poverty is due in the first instance to the 

 small return that the soil gives for the labour which 

 is put on to it, and, secondly, in many cases to the 

 way in which the produce of the soil is divided 

 between the landowner and the cultivator. The 

 amount taken by the revenue authorities is on the 

 average and on the whole very moderate, but the 

 tenant cultivator over a very great part of India has 

 to pay a rent to the landowner, or to pay interest 

 to a money-lender, so that he does not get what he 



produces. Thus there are two remedies for the 



4 49 



