CHAPTER XI 



Preventable diseases in India Cholera due to defective water 

 supply Plague due to insanitary huts Small-pox due to 

 insanitary conditions and starvation Vaccination useless 

 Dysentery, various kinds of unhealthy conditions " Fevers " ; 

 malaria killed 11,000,000 people in 1918 Kills on an average 

 4,000,000 a year or more " Fevers " debilitate the entire 

 population in malarious districts Dr. Sir Ronald Ross 

 Mosquito transmits malaria Panama Canal made healthy by 

 destruction of mosquitoes Ross's teaching successfully adopted 

 in other places Example near Madras Quinine a failure 

 If Indian Government gave the necessary orders to staff of 

 engineers, malaria would be greatly reduced, perhaps abolished 

 Draining of swamps, ponds, excavations Eastern Bengal 

 free from malaria because of floods bringing manurial silt, 

 and people in consequence well fed Western Bengal, in parts 

 where strong river embankments made to protect the rail- 

 ways, prevent flooding, and consequent enrichment of soil 

 by flooding; malaria prevails to a serious extent Mosquitoes 

 prevented on some Malay rubber estates Mosquitoes object 

 to muddy water Government should order the engineers to 

 stop this malaria, and supply them with the requisite funds, 

 or else the Government should resign. 



EVERYBODY who has known anything of India has 

 known that there were many parts of India where 

 it was difficult for an Englishman to remain for long 

 in good health, and that an Englishman holding 

 office in India would like to come home once in three 

 years in order that he might re-establish his health. 

 But everybody has not realised that the conditions 

 which are dangerous to the health of an Englishman 



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