DISEASES OF THE BRAIN AND NERVES 105 



bleeding until the animal is perfectly free from delirium, and 

 this seldom happens until from two to three gallons of blood are 

 taken off. 1 have known four gallons abstracted at one time, 

 and the horse recovered in consequence. If the fit should 

 return, he must be bled again, until the disorder ceases. As 

 soon as the horse becomes ciuiet, a dose of physic and clysters 

 should be given. After the horse is recovered, he should be 

 kept to a spare diet for some time : grass is the most suitable. 

 The jugular veins are the vessels from which blood should be 

 drawn in this disorder, and if both are opened it will be better. 

 After which it is usual to tie a cord round the neck, by which 

 the bleeding will be kept up without the necessity of standing 

 near the horse. There is no occasion for measuring the blood. 



Bleeding from both of the temporal arteries at once has been 

 practised in preference to the jugular or neck veins, and I have 

 recommended the practice. 



Stomacli staggers, though not a primary affection of the brain, 

 like phrenitis, or mad staggers, and apoplexy, not only requires 

 bleeding, but copious bleeding, and that too as early as possible. 

 Still, however, in stomach staggers, the stomach must be a 

 principal object of attention ; for, unless the hardened undi- 

 gested food be removed from it, it will lose its vitality, and the 

 animal will die. 



I have seen cases where the abstraction of arterial blood has 

 afforded relief, after bleeding from the jugular vein had failed ; 

 and it is probable, that when there is considerable delirium, 

 arteriotomy, as bleeding from arteries is termed, would be found 

 the most effectual practice. The temporal arteries may be felt 

 about two inches from the outer corner of the eye : by placino-, 

 or rather pressing, the fingers upon this part, they may be dis- 

 tinguished by their pulsation or throbbing. Into this part a 

 lancet is to be plunged freely and without fear. 



Frenzy generally happens to young vigorous horses, whilst 

 old horses are generally the subjects of apoplexy and stomach 

 staggers. The early age, however, at which horses are often 

 worked, and the immoderate degree in which they are worked, 

 often makes them old in constitution whilst young in years, so 

 that even young horses may become the subjects of apoplexy. 



Megrims, Vertigo, Epilepsy, Convnlsioris, Hydrocephalus, 

 Dropsy of the Brain. 



These various names arise from the different appearances pro- 

 duced either by fulness of the blood-vessels of the brain, perhaps 

 with weakness of that important organ, or by water in its ventri- 

 cles or cavities. Water in the ventricle of the brain may produce 

 a variety of effects, from that of giddiness or vertigo, to that of 



