120 DISEASES OF THE HORSE. 



in the acute attack ; and we must still more have recourse to 

 counter-irritation, setons or rowels being called for, as well as 

 blisters. 



The Terminations of inflamed lungs are various : in the first 

 place we may have resolution, in which the inflammatory action 

 is quickly checked, and the lungs are restored to a normal state; 

 but more frequently we have some altei'ation of structure. This, 

 however, after a while, may be restored to a healthy state ; but 

 often a portion of the lungs becomes indurated or hepatized ; the 

 air cells are filled up, and sometimes the bronchial tubes, so that 

 the part frequently becomes so heavy that it would sink if placed 

 in water, and it is no longer able to perform its function ; the 

 animal becomes thick-winded, being obliged to breathe, so to 

 speak, with diminished lungs. In some cases abscesses may form 

 in various parts of the lungs ; and the case, though flattering for 

 a while, will become fatal at last. — Ed.] 



Pleuritis. — Pleurisy. 



[It was formerly the custom to class this disease with that 

 before described ; but although, in many complicated cases, they 

 may both exist at the same time and in the same subject, yet 

 there are others in Avhich the symptoms of pleuritis are distinctly 

 marked, and in which the joost mortem appearances have proved 

 the nature of the disease. 



For first pointing out the distinction of these diseases, as well 

 as for some valuable knowledge on the treatment of pleuritis, we 

 are indebted to the late Mr. John Field, who thus describes the 

 symptoms : — 



" A depressed appearance ; hard, full, strong pulse, from 42 

 to 54 ; ])ainful and limited respiration ; inspiration quick and in- 

 terrupted ; expiration slow and prolonged ; pressure on the sides 

 painful, occasioning a peculiar grunt ; twitchings of the skin ; 

 faint suppressed cough or sneeze ; the membrane of the nostrils of 

 a natural colour, and the tongue moist and clean. 



" As the disease proceeds, the pulse becomes more frequent, 

 small, and wiry ; respiration accelerated ; full inspiration ; diffi- 

 cult and painful expiration ; tongue furred ; patches of sweat ; 

 restlessness, delirium, and death. 



" The symptoms of the first stage continue from three to seven 

 days, when the disease terminates fatally, or symptoms of the 

 second stao;e commence. 



" In favourable cases the quickness of pulse gradually dimi- 

 nishes, the appetite returns, the horse lies down ; and in three 

 or four weeks may be considered well, though unfit for woi'k." 



Mr. Field thus distinguishes the symptoms of pneumonia from 

 those of pleurisy : — The oppressed pulse of the former, the hard 



