216 DISEASES OF THE HORSE. 



glands. When one nostril is affected only, the corresponding 

 o'land is almost invariably found enlarged. The membrane of 

 the nostril, called the Schneiderian membrane, is generally of a 

 pale or leaden hue ; and sometimes ulcerations are visible on its 

 surface. The discbarge usually sticks to the nostrils, and is 

 sometimes white and thick, but oftener of a greyish aspect. 

 The late Professor Coleman divided the disease into two kinds, 

 which he termed the acute and the chronic ; the former embracing 

 cases in which ulcers were visible, and the latter in which none 

 could be seen. This definition, however, though sometimes 

 correct, is too arbitrary for general admittance ; for there are 

 cases of acute glanders occurring without any ulcers being within 

 sight. It is still, however, convenient to observe the terms acute 

 and chronic, to denote different varieties of the disease. A dis- 

 charge from the nostrils, and the appearance of ulceration, is not 

 alone sufficient to establish the presence of the disease', for these 

 rdcerations are sometimes produced by the acrid nature of the 

 discharge from catarrh. If the discharge is accompanied, from 

 the first, by an offensive smell, the probability is that the case is 

 not glanders, but ozena. — Ed.] 



The great number of horses that have been destroyed by 

 glanders, especially in the army, and in establishments where 

 great numbers of horses are kept, has excited particular at- 

 tention to the subject, especially in France and Italy, where 

 many attempts were made, in the beginning of the last 

 century, to discover a remedy for it. The reader may form 

 some idea of the extent of such losses, when informed that 

 large innkeepers have been nearly ruined by them. I had 

 occasion to condemn eight horses at one time, in one esta- 

 blishment, which, added to those already lost, amounted in value 

 to 500/. In one re2;iment, 50 glandered horses were shot in one 

 day. The 23d French dragoons, when quartered in Italy, in 

 March, 1809, had 76 horses at one time affected with glanders 

 and farcy, or suspected of being so afteoted. Lafosse, an emi- 

 nent French veterinarian, considered it as a local disease, and 

 thought he had discovered a successful mode of treating it, which 

 consisted in perforating the bones which cover the frontal and 

 nasal sinuses, and injecting through the openings astringent and 

 other liquids. After this opinion had been published, some 

 English farriers made trial of it, and by others detergent lotions 

 were poured into the nostrils ; the nose being drawn up for the 

 purpose by means of a pulley. Attempts were also made to 

 cure it by arsenical fumigations, and by burning out the swollen 

 glands under the jaws, or sloughing them out by caustics. The 

 various preparations of mercury, copper, iron, and arsenic, have 

 likewise been tried, and after all, the general opinion is that the 

 glanders is incurable. 



