220 DISEASES OF THE HORSE. 



The second stage of glanders is mai-ked by ulceration within 

 the nostrilsj or an appearance in the matter which indicates 

 idceration, though sometimes too high up to be seen. The 

 matter is in larger quantity, more glutinous, sticking about the 

 margin of the nostril and upper lips, and sometimes obstructing 

 the passage of air, so that the horse makes a snuffling noise in 

 breathing. The matter is sometimes streaked with blood; and the 

 horse sometimes bleeds from the nostrils in working. When this 

 happens in the first stage of the disorder, however early it may 

 be, it indicates the approach of the second stage. The matter 

 begins to have an offensive smell, which it scarcely ever has in 

 the first stage, though an offensive smell is by many supposed 

 to be a decisive mark of glanders. In the second stage, the 

 matter generally runs from both nostrils ; the glands under the 

 jaw become larger, harder, and fixed more closely to the jaw- 

 bone. They are also genei'ally more tender than in the first 

 stage ; the inner corners of the e^'es are mattery. The horse 

 loses flesh and strength, stales more than usual, coughs, and at 

 length dies in a miserable condition, generally farcied as well as 

 glandered.* In the pamphlet before noticed, by Chabert and 



* Altlioiigli the disease is here divided into the fn'st and second stage, it is 

 not essential that in each case the forniei* should precede the latter, for some- 

 times the acute only is present, and the horse speedily dies if not destroyed. 

 In other instances, the acute stage may be succeeded by the sub-acute. It 

 may, however, be observed, that the first stage never ends in death, but always 

 in the second stage, before the disease proves fatal. Besides these stages, 

 glanders sometimes assume a still more insidious appearance, in which the 

 discharge is so slight, and the enlarged gland so trivial, as not only to deceive 

 the ignorant, but often to mislead the well-instructed practitioner. The dis- 

 charge is thin, and appears no more than a slight increase of the natural 

 discharge, and the sub-maxillary swelling is no larger than a bean, though 

 hard and indurated. Such cases as these have proved of irreparable injury 

 to many horse proprietors, from the symptoms not being sufficiently urgent 

 as to excite alarm ; and when a veterinary surgeon has given his opinion that 

 such case was one of glanders, there have not been wanting plenty of farriers 

 and others who have altogether contemned such an opinion, and for a time, 

 at least, have exulted over their own superior sagacity. ]\Ir. James Turner 

 relates a striking instance of this, in which his advice was disregarded, and a 

 horse, with these insidious appearances, was allowed to mix with other horses, 

 to several of which he communicated the disease in the course of a few 

 months. Several instances of a similar nature have occurred in my own 

 practice. One in which, after attending a horse with a suspicious gleet, I 

 ])ronounced him glandered ; and to be still more certain, inoculated a donkey 

 with the matter, which communicated the disease in a few days. By some 

 underhand means, the donkey was smuggled away contrary to the wishes of 

 the owner, and destroyed without at!brding me the opportunity of examining 

 the body. The horse was shortly afterwards sold for Hi., and then a neigh- 

 bouring farrier ofiered to cure him, which, according to the report which he 

 circulated, he accomplished in a fQ\y weeks, stating that the horse had never 

 been glandered. Shortly afterwards the horse was sold by the owner, a low 

 dealer (rather too low for the shafts of the law to affect him), for 20Z. He was 

 turned with other horses, to whom he communicated the disease, and I was 

 requested, some months afterwards, to give a certificate as to the state the 



