460 MATERIA MEDICA 



advantageously used, either as a principal remedy, or as an 

 auxiliary to others. The clyster pipe and bladder is the only 

 effectual apparatus I have seen. The pipe should be one inch 

 in bore, and fifteen inches in length.* The quantity of liquid 

 employed should be five or six quarts, and consist only of warm 

 water or gruel, with half a pound of salt dissolved in it : or three 

 or four ounces of senna leaves may be put into boiling water 

 instead of the salt. There is sometimes difficulty in introducing 

 the pipe, generally from hard excrement in the straight gut ; 

 sometimes, however, from the bladder being distended with 

 urine. In such cases, patience and care are necessary to exhibit 

 the clyster effectually, and it may almost always be accom- 

 j)lished without raking or drawing out the hard excrement witli 

 the hand ; there is no objection, however, to this operation, and 

 when a clyster pipe is not at hand, it must be employed as a 

 substitute for a clyster. (See Raking.) The simple emollient 

 clyster should be thin gruel, or warm water only. The anodyne 

 or opiate clyster should be composed of three or four ounces of 

 tincture of opium in two quarts of gruel, or warm water. Gib- 

 son gave half an ounce of solid opium dissolved in water, as a 

 clyster to a horse in locked jaw, with success. Nourishing clys- 

 ters are composed of arrow-root, or wheat flour gruel with sugar, 

 or broth thickened with flour. Tincture of opium is an useful 

 addition to such clysters, especially in locked jaw. When 

 clysters are intended to cause an evacuation of fieces, they 

 should be administered in large quantity, so as to distend and 

 irritate the rectum ; but if they are meant to be retained, the 

 quantity injected should be but small. 



COLLYKIUM, or EYE WATER. Any liquid prepara- 

 tion applied to the eyes is termed a colly rium. Those in most 

 general use in veterinary practice are the following: — 



No. 1. Sulphate of zinc 2 drs. 



Super-acetate of lead 2^ drs. 



W^ater 1 pint. — Mix. 



Should the eye be much inflamed, painful and irritable, this 

 lotion may be further diluted with water, and should be applied 

 in a tepid state ; but if, after violent inflammation, the eye re- 

 main languid and inert, and vision seem to be impeded from a 

 relaxed state of the vessels of the eye, it may be rendered 

 stronger by the addition of one or two ounces of brandy, or an 

 equal quantity of the vinous tincture of opium. 



No. 2. Sulphate of zinc 1 dr. 



Water 1 pint. 



Dilute sulphuric acid 2 drops. — Mix. 



* The apparatus invented by Mr. Read is decidedly the best and most 

 convenient method of administering injections. — Ed. 



