AND PHARMACOPCEIA. 479 



almonds (tliat is, almonds that have had the skin taken off by 

 stee})ing them in hot water) in a mortar with sugar, and muci- 

 lage of gum arable. When these have been well rubbed, water 

 is to be gradually added. 



ENEMA. A clyster. See Clysters. 



EPSOM SALTS. See Sulphate of Magnesia. 



EliRHINES. Powders that cause sneezing by being blown 

 up the nostrils. They are composed generally of hellebore, 

 snuff, asarabacca, turpeth mineral, &c. 



ESCHAROTTCS. Mild caustics, generally in the form of 

 powder. Such are nitric oxide of mercury {i-ed precipitate), ex- 

 siccated sulphate of alumine (Jmrnt alum), acetate of copper 

 {crijstallized verdigris), sulphate of copper {blue vitriol). These 

 are applied, either separately, or two or more of them are mixed 

 together, and finely powdered ; sometimes they are mixed Avitli 

 bole armenic or chalk, or with lard or digestive ointment, by 

 which they are rendered milder. 



escharotic poavders. 



No. 1. Exsiccated or burnt alum 2 drs. 



Nitric oxide of mercury h ox. — Mix. 



No. 2. Sulphate of copper 1 oz. 



Bole armenic 1 oz. — Mix. 



(See Caustics, Astringents, Digestives, and Deter- 

 gents.) 



escharotic liniment. 



Ploney 8 ozs. 



IMuriatic acid , 1 oz. 



Verdigris 1 oz. 



Mix, over a slow fire. 



This liniment may be made stronger by substituting nitrous 

 acid for muriatic, or by retaining the muriatic, and substituting 

 for the verdigris one drachm of sublimate. A weaker liniment 

 is made, and a very useful one, by using two ounces of vinegar 

 instead of tlie muriatic acid (see Egyptiacum). Escharotics 

 are applied to foul ulcers, and are employed to destroy fungous 

 or proud flesh. 



ESSENCE. This term is applied to essential oils, and very 

 properly, since they generally contain all the medical virtues of 

 the substance from which they are extracted. 



Essence of Peppermint. The preparation sold in the shop 

 by this name is made by dissolving a small proportion of oil of 

 jicppermint ; one ounce, for instance, in three ounces of rectified 

 spirit of alcohol, that has been previously tinged with some green 

 colour. 



