AND PHARMACOPOEIA. 523 



PEAS are sometimes used as food for horses, but beans 

 are generally preferred. Pea meal is employed to adulterate 

 horse powders, particularly liquorice-powder, anise-seed, fenu- 

 greek, &c. 



PECTORALS. Medicines that relieve cough and dis- 

 orders of the lungs. See Expectorants, Emollients, 

 Emulsions, and Demulcents. 



PEPPER, BLACK. —Piper Nigrum. This is often used 

 by farriers in the colic, but is by no means an eligible remedy, 

 and is often given very improperly. I once knew a farrier give 

 two ounces, in half a pint of Daffy's Elixir, to a mail-horse 

 that was said to be attacked with gripes : he gave me the follow- 

 ing explanation of the manner in which it was to act : — " The 

 pepper is to break the wind, and the Daffy^s Elixir is to drive it 

 outP In the evenins; the horse died. I mention this circuni- 

 stance as a caution to those who are too fond of giving these 

 very hot remedies in pains of the bowels, without inquiring into 

 the nature of the complaint. 



PEPPER, CAYENNE ; the berries. Capsicum Annuum. 

 See Capsicum. 



PEPPER, CUBEBS.— P^>er Cuheha. See Cubebs. 



PEPPER, LONG. — Piper Longum. This is much stronger 

 than black pepper, and may be used for the same purposes. 



PEPPER, JAMAICA. — Pimentcs Baccce : Myrtus Pimenta. 

 See Jamaica Pepper, or Allspice. 



PEPPERMINT.— il/en^Aa Piperita. See Mint. 



PHOSPHATE OF SODA. — Soda Phosphas. This is 

 similar in its effects to sulphate of soda or Glauber's salts. 



PHOSPHORUS. A very combustible substance, made ei- 

 ther from bones or urine. Experiments have been made at the 

 Veterinary College to ascertain its medical qualities : it proved 

 to be a dreadful poison, inflaming the stomach in small doses. 



PHYSIC. See Cathartics. 



PIMENTO. See Allspice and Jamaica Pepper. 



PITCH. — Pix. A black and impure resinous substance, 

 obtained by boiling or distilling tar to the desired consistence, 

 and used by farriers in making charges. See Burgundy 



PLAISTER, or PLASTER.— ^m/^Zas^nm. A composi- 

 tion of wax, resin, &c., or of oil boiled with the oxide of lead 

 or litharge. See Diachylon and Charge. 



Plaister, Adhesive. — Emplastrum Adhcesivum. This is 

 made with diachylon and a small portion of resin, and still less 

 of common turpentine, or with diachylon and galbanum. 

 Sticking-plaister is sometimes employed to keep the edges of a 

 fresh wound together ; but in horses this is generally done more 

 effectually by suture, that is, by sewing up the wound. 



