AND PHARMACOPCErA. 555 



that the horse does not take a sufficient quantity for the purposes 

 of digestion ; or, if he does, it may create that degree of nausea, 

 which proves injurious to the stomach. In deep wells the water 

 is generally about the same temperature, both in winter and 

 summer, that is, about 40° of Fahrenheit's thermometer. If a 

 horse, therefore, in a hot summer day, after being heated by 

 exercise, should drink freely of such comparatively cold water, it 

 would probably do him a serious injury ; for the water of ponds 

 or running streams may at that time be fifteen degrees warmer. 

 In winter, however, the water of deep wells is generally to be 

 preferred, being considerably warmer than that of ponds or 

 streams. As to the small quantity of sulphate of lime that hard 

 water may contain, it is not probable that it contributes in any 

 degree to the formation of stones either in the bowels or bladder. 

 It is certain, however, that the temperature of water, the quan- 

 tity taken at a time, the state of the body when taken, and 

 especially the state of the stomach, are circumstances that ought 

 to be carefully attended to. The practice of medicating water, 

 that is, of mixing nitre, salts, &c. with it, may be proper when 

 horses require only a moderate quantity of water : but, Avhen 

 dilution is considered necessary, their water should be as free 

 from taste or smell as possible. 



Horses under the operation of cathartic medicine, or physic, 

 sometimes refuse warm water, often because it is too warm, or 

 of an unpleasant or smoky smell or taste ; in such cases it should 

 be offered a little colder, and free fi'om any offensive smell. 

 Horses are often watered only twice a day. and then suffered to 

 drink as much as they have an inclination for ; this is particu- 

 larly injurious to such as have voracious appetites, or worms, 

 chronic covigh, imperfect or broken wind. Such horses should 

 have a small or moderate quantity thx-ee or four times a day, 

 and their hay and corn should be moistened ; this would 

 diminish their appetite for water, which is generally inordinate ; 

 and, if they are allowed to drink much, they are the more in- 

 clined to eat immoderately of hay, if they are restrained in which 

 they will often devour even their litter, however foul it may be, 

 and therefore greatly aggravate their complaint. 



WAX, BEES'. — Cera Flava. Bees-wax is used only in the 

 composition of ointments and plasters. 



WHEAT. See Triticum. 



WKITE-WATER. This is a mixture of oatmeal and water, 

 and is a good noxirishing drink for horses that have done a hard 

 day's work. It is a good thing to accustom horses to drink 

 white- water, as, when greatly fatigued, a horse will generally 

 drink, but cannot sometimes be induced to eat. 



WINE. — Viniim. In French books on farriery, wine is 

 generally recommended, not only alone, but as a vehicle for 

 other cordials. This probably has led some farriers of this 



