18 VETERINARY MATERIA MEDICA. 



tarcl, ginger, pilocarpus, ipecac, mercurials, and anti- 

 monials. 



Antisialics diminish the secretions of the salivary 

 and buccal glands — as atropine, opium, borax, alka- 

 line salts, and lithia. 



Refrigerants impart a sensation of coldness and 

 thereby allay thirst. These include the mineral and 

 vegetable acids, ice, and cold water. 



Gastric Tonics or Stomachics increase the appe- 

 tite and promote gastric digestion. Some act by 

 stimulating the production of the gastric juice, as the 

 alkalies before meals; others stimulate the local cir- 

 culation, as the aromatic oils, bitters, and alcohol; 

 and some by stimulation of the nerve supply of the 

 stomach, as nux vomica and arsenic. 



Acids are agents which in concentrated form act 

 as caustics and destroy the tissues; but when prop- 

 erly diluted and given internall}^ in medicinal doses 

 check the production of glands having an acid secre- 

 tion if coming in contact with the mouths of their 

 ducts, and increase the production of glands having 

 an alkaline secretion. Therefore a dilute acid given 

 before a meal will check the production of the cicid 

 gastinc juice, but will stimulate the alkaline pan- 

 creatic juice. Principal acids — Mineral: Nitric, 

 phosphoric, sulphuric, and hj'drochloric. Vegetable: 

 Acetic, citric, and benzoic. 



Alkalies, or Antacids, are agents which neutra- 

 lize acids, act as escharotics upon the tissues, check 

 alkaline and stimulate acid secretions when in contact 

 with the mouths of the ducts of glands producing 



