INTKODUCTION". 25 



Urinary Sedatives relieve irritability along the 

 entire urinary tract through the medium of the urine, 

 which holds them in solution, coming in contact 

 with the genito-urinary mucous membrane — potas- 

 sium and lithium salts, cubebs, copaiba, sandalwood 

 oil. 



Antilithics and Lithontriptics are agents 

 which prevent the formation of concretions in the 

 ducts (antilithics), or dissolve these when already 

 formed (lithontriptics) — salts of potash and lithia for 

 uric-acid calculi; lactic acid, dilute nitromuriatic 

 acid, for oxalate of calcium calculi ; benzoic acid, di- 

 lute nitric acid, for phosphatic calculi. 



A Diluent is an indifferent substance, which when 

 absorbed passes through the body, diluting its fluids 

 and excretions — as water. 



Diaphoretics and Sudorifics increase the action 

 of the skin and promote the sweating. They are di- 

 vided into three groups : 



1. Simple diaphoretics enter the circulation and 

 stimulate the sudoriferous glands during their elimi- 

 nation — as jaborandi, nitrous ether, alcohol. 



2. Nauseating diaphoretics produce relaxation and 

 dilatation of the capillaries; as tartar emetic, Dover's 

 powder, ipecac, hot baths. 



3. Refrigerant diaphoretics reduce the force of the 

 circulation — as ammonium and potassium salts, aco- 

 nite, ether, nitrites. 



Anhidrotics check perspiration — atropine, ergot, 

 acids; and locally, cold, opium, etc. 



