48 VETERINARY MATERIA MEDICA. 



lutea, a perennial European plant. Gentian is a 

 simple bitter, improves the appetite and general tone, 

 and aids digestion. It is used as a tonic and stom- 

 achic in all veterinary patients. Its chief prepara- 

 tions are: Pulvis gentianse, powdered gentian root: 

 H., 3ss.-i.; D., gr. x.-xxx. Extractum gentianse 

 fluidum, fluid extract of gentian: H., fl. 3 ss.-i. ; D., 

 TTt x.-xxx. Tinctura gentianse composita, compound 

 tincture of gentian : Prepared from cardamom 2, bit- 

 ter orange-peel 4, gentian 8, diluted alcohol enough 

 to make 100 parts. This last preparation is used 

 mostly in canine practice. Dose : H., fl. 3 i.-iij. ; D., 

 fl. 3 ss.-ij. 



Cinchona, Peruvian bark. There are three chief 

 varieties of cinchona, viz. : 



1. Cinchona, the bark of any species of cinchona 

 containing at least three per cent, of alkaloids. 



2. Cinchona Flava, yellow bark or calisaya bark, 

 obtained from the cinchona calisaya, and containing 

 the most quinine. 



3. Cinchona Rubra, red bark, obtained from the 

 cinchona succirubra, and containing about equal parts 

 of quinine and cinchonine. 



Another variety, the Cinchona Pallida, or pale 

 bark, contains the most cinchonine, but is not of so 

 much importance as the others. The cinchona tree is 

 a native of the mountainous parts of western South 

 America, but is also planted and raised for bark in 

 India, Burmah, Ceylon, and various other suitable 

 places. 



Composition of Cinchona. — It contains four chief 



