192 VETERINARY MATERIA MEDICA. 



septics, anthelmintics, and diuretics, when given in- 

 ternally. They become rapidly absorbed, and are 

 eliminated chiefly by the kidneys, the skin, and bron- 

 chial mucous membranes, stimulating at the points 

 of elimination. The oil of turpentine is the most ac- 

 tive of the lot, being also expectorant, haemostatic, 

 anti ferment, antiparasitic, and diaphoretic. Applied 

 to the skin it is an irritant, varying in intensity with 

 the manner in which it is applied ; if with severe fric- 

 tion and its evaporation prevented, it may vesicate 

 and produce a serious blemish. Small doses stimu- 

 late the heart and respiration, while large doses are 

 gastro-intestinal irritants and depressants; toxic doses 

 paralyze the nerve centres in the cerebrum, cord, and 

 medulla. During the excretion of large doses the 

 urinary apparatus becomes irritated and congested, 

 sometimes accompanied by strangury and even hse- 

 maturia. 



Tar resembles the turpentines in its action, and, as 

 it contains both creosote and carbolic acid, has some 

 of the qualities of these. 



Pitch is a cutaneous stimulant. 



Therapeutics of the Turpentines. — They are 

 given as stimulants, diuretics, and anthelmintics, in 

 combination with linseed oil in colic. The Canada 

 balsam is an ingredient of flexible collodion, and is 

 itself applied to wounds, particularly of the coronet. 

 They are given in conjunction with camphor, extract 

 of belladonna, and ammonium carbonate, in bronchi- 

 tis and other pulmonarv affections ; are also contained 

 in many hoof ointments. 



